CTA and DSA findings in carotid blowout syndrome: An overview and approach to imaging diagnosis

Abstract

Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients suffering head and neck cancer, in which rupture of the carotid artery and/or its branches can rapidly lead to life-threatening hemorrhage, shock, and death. CBS is categorized into three subtypes, which are characterized by extent of disease as evidenced by clinical presentation, physical exam findings, and imaging characteristics. Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with CBS, prompt recognition and treatment remains pivotal, as early intervention is associated with longer survival and lower complication rates. In turn, we present an overview of the hallmark imaging findings of CBS through a retrospective review of our institution's findings of these characteristic imaging findings in all patients who underwent evaluation and management of CBS at our facility across a 10-year period.