Mechanistic insight of neurodegeneration due to micro/nano-plastic-induced gut dysbiosis.

IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Archives of Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI:10.1007/s00204-024-03875-3
Arya Ghosh, Bapi Gorain
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Abstract

Despite offering significant conveniences, plastic materials contribute substantially in developing environmental hazards and pollutants. Plastic trash that has not been adequately managed may eventually break down into fragments caused by human or ecological factors. Arguably, the crucial element for determining the biological toxicities of plastics are micro/nano-forms of plastics (MPs/NPs), which infiltrate the mammalian tissue through different media and routes. Infiltration of MPs/NPs across the intestinal barrier leads to microbial architectural dysfunction, which further modulates the population of gastrointestinal microbes. Thereby, it triggers inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1α/β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) by activating specific receptors located in the gut barrier. Mounting evidence indicates that MPs/NPs disrupt host pathophysiological function through modification of junctional proteins and effector cells. Moreover, the alteration of microbial diversity by MPs/NPs causes the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and translocation of metabolites (e.g., SCFAs, LPS) through the vagus nerve. Potent penetration affects the neuronal networks, neuronal protein accumulation, acceleration of oxidative stress, and alteration of neurofibrillary tangles, and hinders distinctive communicating pathways. Conclusively, alterations of these neurotoxic factors are possibly responsible for the associated neurodegenerative disorders due to the exposure of MPs/NPs. In this review, the hypothesis on MPs/NPs associated with gut microbial dysbiosis has been interlinked to the distinct neurological impairment through the gut-brain axis.

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微/纳米塑料诱导的肠道菌群失调导致神经退行性变的机制研究。
尽管塑料材料给人们带来了极大的便利,但它也在很大程度上造成了环境危害和污染。未得到适当管理的塑料垃圾最终可能会因人为或生态因素而分解成碎片。可以说,决定塑料生物毒性的关键因素是塑料的微/纳米形态(MPs/NPs),它们通过不同的介质和途径渗入哺乳动物组织。MPs/NPs渗入肠道屏障会导致微生物结构失调,从而进一步改变胃肠道微生物的数量。因此,MPs/NPs 通过激活肠道屏障中的特定受体,引发炎症介质(如 IL-1α/β、TNF-α 和 IFN-γ)。越来越多的证据表明,MPs/NPs 通过改变连接蛋白和效应细胞来破坏宿主的病理生理功能。此外,MPs/NPs 对微生物多样性的改变会导致血脑屏障的破坏和代谢物(如 SCFAs、LPS)通过迷走神经的转运。强力渗透会影响神经元网络、神经元蛋白质积累、加速氧化应激和改变神经纤维缠结,并阻碍独特的沟通途径。总之,这些神经毒性因素的改变可能是接触 MPs/NPs 导致相关神经退行性疾病的原因。在这篇综述中,关于 MPs/NPs 与肠道微生物菌群失调相关的假说通过肠道-大脑轴与不同的神经损伤相互关联。
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来源期刊
Archives of Toxicology
Archives of Toxicology 医学-毒理学
CiteScore
11.60
自引率
4.90%
发文量
218
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: Archives of Toxicology provides up-to-date information on the latest advances in toxicology. The journal places particular emphasis on studies relating to defined effects of chemicals and mechanisms of toxicity, including toxic activities at the molecular level, in humans and experimental animals. Coverage includes new insights into analysis and toxicokinetics and into forensic toxicology. Review articles of general interest to toxicologists are an additional important feature of the journal.
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