A Case of Necrotizing Fasciitis/Myositis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by emm22/ST46 Strain of Streptococcus pyogenes.

Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), can cause severe invasive diseases with high fatality rates. We report a case of necrotizing fasciitis and myositis complicated by Streptococcal Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome (STSS) caused by the invasive emm22/ST46 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes in China. A previously healthy 57-year-old Chinese Canadian man presented with right calf pain and ulceration following a hike in the Gobi Desert, which progressed to unconsciousness and severe infection. Despite initial treatment, his condition deteriorated, leading to his transfer to our intensive care unit. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing identified Streptococcus pyogenes, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and clindamycin. Despite broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, debridement, and supportive measures, the patient's condition necessitated amputation of the right lower limb. He recovered and was discharged from the hospital on Day 43. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolate identified 15 multiple virulence factors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the closest relative of the isolate was a strain identified in China. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and treatment of invasive GAS infections to prevent severe outcomes, and we should pay attention to invasive emm22/ST46 GAS infections in China.