The emerging application of LC-based metallomics techniques to unravel the bioinorganic chemistry of toxic metal(loid)s

IF 3.8 2区 化学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Journal of Chromatography A Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465409
Negar Pourzadi, Jürgen Gailer
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Abstract

The on-going anthropogenic emission of toxic metal(loid) species into the environment contaminates the food supply and drinking water resources in various parts of the world. Given that inorganic pollutants cannot be degraded, their increased influx into the bloodstream of babies, children and pregnant women is inevitable. Since the ramifications of the ensuing environmental exposure on human health remain poorly defined, fundamentally new insight into their bioinorganic chemistry in organisms is urgently needed. Based on the flow of dietary constituents through organisms, the interaction of toxic metal(loid) species with biomolecules in the bloodstream deserve particular attention as they play an integral role in the mechanisms of their chronic toxicity. Gaining insight into these bioinorganic processes is hampered by the biological complexity of plasma/red blood cells and the low concentrations of the metal(loid) species of interest, but can be overcome by employing LC techniques hyphenated to atomic spectroscopic detectors (i.e. metallomics techniques). This perspective aims to highlight the potential of unconventional hyphenated separation modes to advance our understanding of the bioinorganic chemistry of toxic metal(loid) species in the bloodstream-organ system. Four examples are illustrated. The application of anion-exchange (AEX) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) provided new insight into the blood-based bioinorganic mechanisms that direct Cd2+ and MeHg+ to target organs. AEX chromatography also allowed to observe the formation of complexes between Hg2+ and MeHg+ with L-cysteine at pH 7.4, that are implicated in their organ uptake. Lastly, the application of reversed phase (RP) chromatography revealed a possible cytosolic mechanism by which N-acetyl-L-cysteine binds to MeHg+ in the presence of cytosolic glutathione (GSH). New insight into other bioinorganic processes may advance the regulatory framework to better protect public health.
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基于液相色谱的金属组学技术在揭示有毒金属(loid)的生物无机化学方面的新兴应用。
人类不断向环境中排放有毒金属(loid)物种,污染了世界各地的食品供应和饮用水资源。由于无机污染物无法降解,它们越来越多地进入婴儿、儿童和孕妇的血液是不可避免的。由于环境接触无机污染物对人类健康的影响尚不明确,因此迫切需要从根本上对无机污染物在生物体内的生物无机化学作用有新的认识。基于膳食成分在生物体内的流动,有毒金属(loid)物种与血液中生物大分子的相互作用值得特别关注,因为它们在其慢性毒性机制中发挥着不可或缺的作用。由于血浆/红血细胞的生物复杂性和相关金属(loid)物种的低浓度,阻碍了对这些生物无机过程的深入了解,但可以通过采用与原子光谱检测器相连接的液相色谱技术(即金属组学技术)来克服这一问题。本文旨在强调非常规联用分离模式的潜力,以促进我们对血液-器官系统中有毒金属(loid)物种的生物无机化学的了解。本文列举了四个实例。阴离子交换色谱法(AEX)和尺寸排阻色谱法(SEC)的应用使我们对引导 Cd2+ 和 MeHg+ 进入靶器官的血液生物无机机制有了新的认识。AEX 色谱法还能观察到 Hg2+ 和 MeHg+ 在 pH 值为 7.4 时与 L-半胱氨酸形成的复合物,这与它们被器官吸收有关。最后,反相色谱法的应用揭示了一种可能的细胞膜机制,即在细胞膜谷胱甘肽(GSH)存在的情况下,N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸与 MeHg+ 结合。对其他生物无机过程的新认识可能会推进监管框架,从而更好地保护公众健康。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Chromatography A
Journal of Chromatography A 化学-分析化学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
14.60%
发文量
742
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Chromatography A provides a forum for the publication of original research and critical reviews on all aspects of fundamental and applied separation science. The scope of the journal includes chromatography and related techniques, electromigration techniques (e.g. electrophoresis, electrochromatography), hyphenated and other multi-dimensional techniques, sample preparation, and detection methods such as mass spectrometry. Contributions consist mainly of research papers dealing with the theory of separation methods, instrumental developments and analytical and preparative applications of general interest.
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