{"title":"Ultraviolet (UV-C) Light Systems for the Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus and Tulane Virus in Model Fluid Foods","authors":"E. Corson, B. Pendyala, A. Patras, D. H. D’Souza","doi":"10.1007/s12560-024-09614-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional UV-C (254 nm) inactivation technologies have limitations and potential operator-safety risk. To overcome these disadvantages, novel UV-C light-emitting diodes (LED) are developed and investigated for their performance. This study aimed to determine the inactivation of human norovirus (HuNoV) surrogates, Tulane virus (TV), and feline calicivirus (FCV-F9), by UV-C (254 nm) in comparison to UV-C LED (279 nm) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and coconut water (CW). Five-hundred microliters of FCV-F9 (~ 5 log plaque forming units (PFU)/mL) or TV (~ 6 log PFU/mL) were added to 4.5 mL PBS or CW in continuously stirred glass beakers and exposed to 254 nm UV-C for 0 up to 15 min (maximum dosage of 33.89 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) or 279 nm UV-C LED for 0 up to 2.5 min (maximum dosage of 7.03 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>). Recovered viruses were assayed in duplicate from each treatment replicated thrice. Mixed model analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Significantly lower D<sub>10</sub> values were obtained in PBS and CW (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) for both tested viruses using UV-C LED (279 nm) where FCV-F9 showed D<sub>10</sub> values of 7.08 ± 1.75 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> and 3.75 ± 0.11 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, while using UV-C (254 nm) showed D<sub>10</sub> values of 13.81 ± 0.40 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> and 6.43 ± 0.44 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> in PBS and CW, respectively. Similarly, lower D<sub>10</sub> values were obtained for TV of 3.91 ± 1.03 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> and 4.26 ± 1.02 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> with 279 nm UV-C LED and were 18.76 ± 3.16 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> and 10.21 ± 1.48 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> with 254 nm UV-C in PBS and CW, respectively. Viral resistance to these treatments was fluid-matrix dependent. These findings indicate that use of 279 nm UV-C LED is more effective in inactivating HuNoV surrogates than conventional 254 nm UV-C in the tested fluids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":563,"journal":{"name":"Food and Environmental Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food and Environmental Virology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12560-024-09614-2","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Conventional UV-C (254 nm) inactivation technologies have limitations and potential operator-safety risk. To overcome these disadvantages, novel UV-C light-emitting diodes (LED) are developed and investigated for their performance. This study aimed to determine the inactivation of human norovirus (HuNoV) surrogates, Tulane virus (TV), and feline calicivirus (FCV-F9), by UV-C (254 nm) in comparison to UV-C LED (279 nm) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and coconut water (CW). Five-hundred microliters of FCV-F9 (~ 5 log plaque forming units (PFU)/mL) or TV (~ 6 log PFU/mL) were added to 4.5 mL PBS or CW in continuously stirred glass beakers and exposed to 254 nm UV-C for 0 up to 15 min (maximum dosage of 33.89 mJ/cm2) or 279 nm UV-C LED for 0 up to 2.5 min (maximum dosage of 7.03 mJ/cm2). Recovered viruses were assayed in duplicate from each treatment replicated thrice. Mixed model analysis of variance was used for data analysis. Significantly lower D10 values were obtained in PBS and CW (p ≤ 0.05) for both tested viruses using UV-C LED (279 nm) where FCV-F9 showed D10 values of 7.08 ± 1.75 mJ/cm2 and 3.75 ± 0.11 mJ/cm2, while using UV-C (254 nm) showed D10 values of 13.81 ± 0.40 mJ/cm2 and 6.43 ± 0.44 mJ/cm2 in PBS and CW, respectively. Similarly, lower D10 values were obtained for TV of 3.91 ± 1.03 mJ/cm2 and 4.26 ± 1.02 mJ/cm2 with 279 nm UV-C LED and were 18.76 ± 3.16 mJ/cm2 and 10.21 ± 1.48 mJ/cm2 with 254 nm UV-C in PBS and CW, respectively. Viral resistance to these treatments was fluid-matrix dependent. These findings indicate that use of 279 nm UV-C LED is more effective in inactivating HuNoV surrogates than conventional 254 nm UV-C in the tested fluids.
期刊介绍:
Food and Environmental Virology publishes original articles, notes and review articles on any aspect relating to the transmission of pathogenic viruses via the environment (water, air, soil etc.) and foods. This includes epidemiological studies, identification of novel or emerging pathogens, methods of analysis or characterisation, studies on survival and elimination, and development of procedural controls for industrial processes, e.g. HACCP plans. The journal will cover all aspects of this important area, and encompass studies on any human, animal, and plant pathogenic virus which is capable of transmission via the environment or food.