There are multiple clocks that time us: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among 14 alternative indicators of age and aging.

Johanna Drewelies, Jan Homann, Valentin Max Vetter, Sandra Duezel, Simone Kühn, Laura Deecke, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Philippe Jawinski, Sebastian Markett, Ulman Lindenberger, Christina M Lill, Lars Bertram, Ilja Demuth, Denis Gerstorf
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Abstract

Aging is a complex process influenced by mechanisms operating at numerous levels of functioning. Multiple biomarkers of age have been identified, yet we know little about how the different alternative age indicators are intertwined. In the Berlin Aging Study II (nmin= 328; nmax= 1,517, women = 51%; 14.27 years of education), we examined how levels and seven-year changes in indicators derived from blood assays, MRI brain scans, other-ratings, and self-reports converge among older adults. We included eight epigenetic biomarkers (incl. five epigenetic "clocks"), a BioAge composite from clinical laboratory parameters, brain age, skin age, subjective age, subjective life expectancy, and future health horizon. We found moderate associations within aging domains, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally over seven years. However, associations across different domains were infrequent and modest. Notably, participants with older BioAge had correspondingly older epigenetic ages. Our results suggest that different aging clocks are only loosely interconnected and that more specific measures are needed to differentiate healthy from unhealthy aging.

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有多种时钟为我们计时:14 个年龄和老化替代指标之间的横向和纵向关联。
衰老是一个复杂的过程,受到在多个功能层面运行机制的影响。目前已发现多种年龄生物标志物,但我们对不同的替代年龄指标如何相互交织却知之甚少。在柏林老龄化研究 II(nmin= 328;nmax= 1,517,女性=51%;受教育年限 14.27 年)中,我们研究了来自血液化验、核磁共振成像脑部扫描、其他评级和自我报告的指标在老年人中的水平和七年变化是如何趋同的。我们纳入了八个表观遗传生物标志物(包括五个表观遗传 "时钟")、临床实验室参数的生物年龄综合指标、脑年龄、皮肤年龄、主观年龄、主观预期寿命和未来健康状况。我们发现,无论是横向还是纵向,在七年的时间里,各衰老领域之间都存在适度的关联。然而,不同领域之间的关联并不常见,而且程度也不高。值得注意的是,生物年龄较大的参与者的表观遗传年龄也相应较大。我们的研究结果表明,不同的衰老时钟之间只有松散的联系,需要更具体的测量方法来区分健康和不健康的衰老。
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