Sex-specific associations between 10-year cardiovascular risk, clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.

IF 3.2 4区医学 Q2 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Journal of Neural Transmission Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1007/s00702-024-02842-7

Xiaoying Jin, Chenghao Lu, Nannan Liu, Yanzhe Li, Yeqing Dong, Xinxu Wang, Shen Li, Jie Li

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Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) shortens life expectancy, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the leading cause of death. The links between psychiatric symptoms, cognitive function and CVD are unclear, and sex differences in this relationship are understudied. This study examined the relationship between clinical characteristics and 10-year cardiovascular risk in males and females with SCZ.

Methods: This study included 802 patients with chronic SCZ. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from all patients to measure relevant glycolipid metabolic indices. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychiatric symptoms. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to estimate the 10-year CVD risk.

Results: The mean 10-year cardiovascular risk for all patients was 11.76 ± 8.99%. Among patients with SCZ, 52.8% exhibited an intermediate-high 10-year cardiovascular risk. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that FRS increased with higher body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, while it was inversely related to high density lipoprotein levels. The general psychopathological scores were negatively associated with FRS (male: B = - 0.086, P = 0.013; female: B = - 0.056, P = 0.039). Negative symptom (B = - 0.088, P = 0.024) and total PANSS scores (B = - 0.042, P = 0.013) showed a negative association with FRS only in males. Additionally, in patients over 60 years old, general psychopathology (B = - 0.168, P = 0.001) and PANSS total scores (B = - 0.057, P = 0.041) were associated with reduced FRS, while immediate memory (B = 0.073, P = 0.025) was associated with higher FRS.

Conclusion: Patients with SCZ have an elevated risk of developing CVD, with males showing a higher 10-year cardiovascular risk than females. Significant sex differences exist in the relationship between the FRS and psychiatric symptoms, with negative symptoms being negatively related to FRS only in males.

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精神分裂症患者 10 年心血管风险、临床症状和认知障碍之间的性别特异性关联。

背景：精神分裂症（SCZ）会缩短患者的预期寿命，心血管疾病（CVD）是导致患者死亡的主要原因。精神症状、认知功能和心血管疾病之间的关系尚不明确，而这种关系中的性别差异也未得到充分研究。本研究探讨了男性和女性SCZ患者的临床特征与10年心血管风险之间的关系：本研究纳入了802名慢性SCZ患者。所有患者均采集了空腹静脉血样本，以测量相关的糖脂代谢指数。积极与消极综合征量表（PANSS）用于评估精神症状。认知功能采用神经心理状态评估可重复性电池（RBANS）进行评估。弗雷明汉风险评分（FRS）用于估算10年心血管疾病风险：所有患者的 10 年心血管风险平均值为 11.76 ± 8.99%。在 SCZ 患者中，52.8% 的患者 10 年心血管风险为中高风险。多变量线性回归分析显示，FRS随体重指数、血压、血糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平的升高而升高，而与高密度脂蛋白水平成反比。一般精神病理学评分与 FRS 呈负相关（男性：B = - 0.086，P = 0.013；女性：B = - 0.056，P = 0.039）。只有男性的阴性症状（B = - 0.088，P = 0.024）和 PANSS 总分（B = - 0.042，P = 0.013）与 FRS 呈负相关。此外，在60岁以上的患者中，一般精神病理学（B = - 0.168，P = 0.001）和PANSS总分（B = - 0.057，P = 0.041）与FRS降低相关，而即时记忆（B = 0.073，P = 0.025）与FRS升高相关：结论：SCZ 患者罹患心血管疾病的风险较高，男性的 10 年心血管疾病风险高于女性。FRS与精神症状之间存在显著的性别差异，只有男性的阴性症状与FRS呈负相关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Neural Transmission 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

3.00%

发文量

112

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The investigation of basic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders has undoubtedly deepened our knowledge of these types of disorders. The impact of basic neurosciences on the understanding of the pathophysiology of the brain will further increase due to important developments such as the emergence of more specific psychoactive compounds and new technologies. The Journal of Neural Transmission aims to establish an interface between basic sciences and clinical neurology and psychiatry. It intends to put a special emphasis on translational publications of the newest developments in the field from all disciplines of the neural sciences that relate to a better understanding and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.