Healthcare professionals’ experiences of delivering pain science education to adults from ethnically minoritised groups

Abstract

Background

Pain Science Education (PSE) seeks to increase patients understanding of their pain, to improve clinical outcomes. It has been primarily developed and tested within western cultures. There is a lack of research exploring its use with people from ethnically minoritised groups.

Objective

To explore Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) experiences of delivering PSE to people with persistent pain from ethnically minoritised groups.

Methods

In this qualitative study semi-structured interviews were carried out with a convenience sample of 14 HCPs who routinely deliver PSE to patients from ethnically minoritised groups. The interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were identified: 1) Biomedical model or disengagement, 2) Pain is a taboo topic, and 3) The importance of cultural competence. Participants believed that people from ethnically minoritised groups disengaged with PSE sooner in comparison to non-ethnically minoritised groups and this was rooted in a strong biomedical understanding of pain and preference for biomedical treatments. Addressing patients’ beliefs was deemed difficult as participants felt that pain was considered a taboo amongst some ethnically minoritised groups and HCPs lacked sufficient training in cultural competency to confidently address their pain-related misconceptions.

Conclusions

Overall, HCPs found that many people from ethnically minoritised groups held strongly biomedical views and/or a cultural reluctance to discuss pain. These factors made pain discussions challenging leading to disengagement from PSE and a preference for passive care. Cultural competency training and access to culturally competent PSE resources may facilitate engagement with PSE for people from ethnically minoritised background.