Determination of Toxicity at Different Trophic Levels of Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFF) Used in Fire Fighting.

IF 2.7 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI:10.1007/s00128-024-03960-4

Paulo Paulino Rodrigues Junior, Patricia Aline Bressiani, Anna Karolina Gomes Oliveira, Juan Carlos Pokrywiecki, Eduardo Michel Vieira Gomes, Irede Angela Lucini Dalmolin, Thalita Grando Rauen, Elisangela Dusman

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Abstract

Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), containing perfluorinated surfactants, can reach the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the ecotoxicity of AFFF, according to the type of fire to be fought (A1: 1.05 g.L^- 1, A2: 3.15 g.L^- 1 and A3: 6.30 g.L^- 1), to bioindicators of different trophic levels. For Artemia salina a toxic effect was observed at sample A1 (at concentrations of 100%), A2 (at concentrations above 25%) and A3 (at concentrations above 12.5%). For Lactuca sativa all samples affected the number of germinated seeds, speed and percentage of germination and root length. To the Eisenia fetida earthworm, samples A2 and A3 were considered toxic due to the percent avoidance being 70% and 100%, respectively. In Macaca mullata renal cell culture test, none of the samples were toxic by the MTT test. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for the safe use of AFFF by professionals.

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消防水成膜泡沫 (AFFF) 在不同营养级的毒性测定。

含有全氟表面活性剂的水成膜泡沫（AFFF）可能会进入环境。本研究的目的是根据灭火类型（A1：1.05 g.L-1；A2：3.15 g.L-1；A3：6.30 g.L-1）确定水成膜泡沫对不同营养级生物指标的生态毒性。在样本 A1（浓度为 100%）、A2（浓度超过 25%）和 A3（浓度超过 12.5%）中观察到了对盐蒿的毒性作用。对 Lactuca sativa 而言，所有样品都会影响发芽种子的数量、发芽速度和百分比以及根的长度。对 Eisenia fetida 蚯蚓来说，样品 A2 和 A3 被认为是有毒的，因为它们的回避率分别为 70% 和 100%。在 Macaca mullata 肾细胞培养试验中，经 MTT 试验，所有样品均无毒性。因此，有必要制定专业人员安全使用 AFFF 的方法。

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来源期刊

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

3.70%

发文量

230

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： The Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology(BECT) is a peer-reviewed journal that offers rapid review and publication. Accepted submissions will be presented as clear, concise reports of current research for a readership concerned with environmental contamination and toxicology. Scientific quality and clarity are paramount.