Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, antimicrobial and antifungal studies of some novel fused-ring heterocyclic compounds

Abstract

1,2,3-Triazole, 1,3-imidazole, and 1,3-thiazole are a class of organic heterocyclic compounds with notable applications in a diverse range of biological and pharmacological activities. Herein, we report the synthesis of molecules having these three moieties together. Each of the fused molecule was characterized with elemental analysis, melting point determination, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The final fused molecules were screened for in vitro biological activities against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, such as gram-positive bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. phogenes), gram-negative bacteria (S. typhi, V. cholerae, B. subtilis, C. tetani), as well as fungus (C. albicans, A. niger, and A. Clavatus). Each of the compounds showed moderate to good activity which is comparable to commercially available drugs. Further, the molecular docking study on the crystal structure of the 43K ATPase domain of Thermus thermophilus gyrase B (PDB:1KIJ) and on crystal structure of penicillin-binding protein 4 from Staphylococcus aureus COL (PDB:3HUN) revealed strong binding affinities by the synthesized compounds. The ADME study also showed the drug likeliness of the compounds.

Graphical abstract