{"title":"Role and Significance of the Sulfur Allotropes in Autoclave Hydrometallurgical Processes","authors":"A. G. Kitai","doi":"10.1134/S0036029523110216","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Data on the physicochemical properties of the sulfur allotropes in the temperature range used in autoclave processes are presented. Elemental sulfur is shown to have an enhanced sensitivity to a temperature change. The chemical activity of sulfur can change by several orders of magnitude in a range of 30°C, and the viscosity changes by several thousands of times. The oxidation leaching of sulfides, sulfur hydrolysis, sulfidizing, and precipitation of nonferrous metals are considered. The laws according to which the leaching processes occur depending on the allotropic composition of sulfur are revealed. The activators capable of decreasing the temperature range of the transformation of cyclic sulfur molecules into chain molecules are considered. The yield of elemental sulfur is explained using the polysulfide mechanism of oxidation of sulfides and the physicochemical properties of sulfur allotropes.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2023 11","pages":"1715 - 1741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0036029523110216","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract—Data on the physicochemical properties of the sulfur allotropes in the temperature range used in autoclave processes are presented. Elemental sulfur is shown to have an enhanced sensitivity to a temperature change. The chemical activity of sulfur can change by several orders of magnitude in a range of 30°C, and the viscosity changes by several thousands of times. The oxidation leaching of sulfides, sulfur hydrolysis, sulfidizing, and precipitation of nonferrous metals are considered. The laws according to which the leaching processes occur depending on the allotropic composition of sulfur are revealed. The activators capable of decreasing the temperature range of the transformation of cyclic sulfur molecules into chain molecules are considered. The yield of elemental sulfur is explained using the polysulfide mechanism of oxidation of sulfides and the physicochemical properties of sulfur allotropes.
期刊介绍：
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) publishes results of original experimental and theoretical research in the form of reviews and regular articles devoted to topical problems of metallurgy, physical metallurgy, and treatment of ferrous, nonferrous, rare, and other metals and alloys, intermetallic compounds, and metallic composite materials. The journal focuses on physicochemical properties of metallurgical materials (ores, slags, matters, and melts of metals and alloys); physicochemical processes (thermodynamics and kinetics of pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, electrochemical, and other processes); theoretical metallurgy; metal forming; thermoplastic and thermochemical treatment; computation and experimental determination of phase diagrams and thermokinetic diagrams; mechanisms and kinetics of phase transitions in metallic materials; relations between the chemical composition, phase and structural states of materials and their physicochemical and service properties; interaction between metallic materials and external media; and effects of radiation on these materials.
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