{"title":"\"Fight alone\" to \"win–win cooperation\": a quantum stag hunt game model for analyzing cooperative R&D between enterprises","authors":"Ding-xuan Huang, Bin-qiang Tan","doi":"10.1007/s11128-024-04483-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cooperative research and development (R&D) has emerged as a highly effective strategy for enterprises to enhance their R&D efficiency and ease resource bottlenecks. However, these collaborations between enterprises are often difficult because of many variables. Given this, we use the quantum game to investigate the incentive mechanism for forming cooperative R&D strategic alliances between enterprises. First, we established a stag hunt game model based on cooperative R&D and independent R&D, then expanded the classical strategy to the quantum strategy space, discussed the strategic characteristics of whether to consider state entanglement, and finally conducted a case study to verify the effectiveness of the model. The results show that in the non-entangled scenario or non-quantum scenario; it is difficult to achieve the Pareto optimal result that both sides are in full cooperation because the full-effort one needs to bear the risk of betrayal by the on-effort one. However, in a maximally entangled quantum game, the risk incurred by the defector is borne by himself rather than the cooperator, so both parties will adopt a complete cooperative R&D strategy to achieve a win–win situation. Based on these findings, we establish three incentive mechanisms: information sharing, performance evaluation, and responsibility constraint, which provide theoretical guidance for the formation and stability of an enterprise cooperative R&D strategic alliance. Furthermore, we can extend our research to other fields, including the issues of multilateral cooperation between major powers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":746,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Information Processing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Quantum Information Processing","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11128-024-04483-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MATHEMATICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cooperative research and development (R&D) has emerged as a highly effective strategy for enterprises to enhance their R&D efficiency and ease resource bottlenecks. However, these collaborations between enterprises are often difficult because of many variables. Given this, we use the quantum game to investigate the incentive mechanism for forming cooperative R&D strategic alliances between enterprises. First, we established a stag hunt game model based on cooperative R&D and independent R&D, then expanded the classical strategy to the quantum strategy space, discussed the strategic characteristics of whether to consider state entanglement, and finally conducted a case study to verify the effectiveness of the model. The results show that in the non-entangled scenario or non-quantum scenario; it is difficult to achieve the Pareto optimal result that both sides are in full cooperation because the full-effort one needs to bear the risk of betrayal by the on-effort one. However, in a maximally entangled quantum game, the risk incurred by the defector is borne by himself rather than the cooperator, so both parties will adopt a complete cooperative R&D strategy to achieve a win–win situation. Based on these findings, we establish three incentive mechanisms: information sharing, performance evaluation, and responsibility constraint, which provide theoretical guidance for the formation and stability of an enterprise cooperative R&D strategic alliance. Furthermore, we can extend our research to other fields, including the issues of multilateral cooperation between major powers.
期刊介绍:
Quantum Information Processing is a high-impact, international journal publishing cutting-edge experimental and theoretical research in all areas of Quantum Information Science. Topics of interest include quantum cryptography and communications, entanglement and discord, quantum algorithms, quantum error correction and fault tolerance, quantum computer science, quantum imaging and sensing, and experimental platforms for quantum information. Quantum Information Processing supports and inspires research by providing a comprehensive peer review process, and broadcasting high quality results in a range of formats. These include original papers, letters, broadly focused perspectives, comprehensive review articles, book reviews, and special topical issues. The journal is particularly interested in papers detailing and demonstrating quantum information protocols for cryptography, communications, computation, and sensing.