{"title":"Chronicle of deceit: Navigating the developmental cognitive landscape from childhood fabrications to prolific adulthood artistry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dr.2024.101165","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lying is a universal, psychosocially complex behavior that society paradoxically views as morally reprehensible yet socially necessary. However, learning how and when to lie can be difficult, with a small proportion of the population failing to do so and lying prolifically into adulthood while suffering the consequences. Following a comprehensive review of the literature on the cognitive development of lying, including its normative and atypical features, this integrative work: 1) explains how maturations in theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF) are intertwined within developmental milestones of lying from childhood through adolescence, and 2) proposes unexplored etiologies surrounding how correlates of ToM, EF, and lying may lead to prolific lying in adulthood. Results reveal that in earlier childhood, the normative growth of ToM and EF increase the frequency and sophistication of lies, while their continued development into adulthood are integral to the desistance of dishonesty. Additionally, it appears that psychopathic traits (e.g., callous-unemotional traits, narcissism), intelligence, and attitudes towards lying may help identify different etiologies of atypical liars (i.e., prolific, pathological). This information for parents, educators, policy makers, and healthcare workers clarifies the natural age-based progressions of lying and highlights patterns of risks for prolonged, excessive lying.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48214,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Developmental Review","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273229724000492","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Lying is a universal, psychosocially complex behavior that society paradoxically views as morally reprehensible yet socially necessary. However, learning how and when to lie can be difficult, with a small proportion of the population failing to do so and lying prolifically into adulthood while suffering the consequences. Following a comprehensive review of the literature on the cognitive development of lying, including its normative and atypical features, this integrative work: 1) explains how maturations in theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF) are intertwined within developmental milestones of lying from childhood through adolescence, and 2) proposes unexplored etiologies surrounding how correlates of ToM, EF, and lying may lead to prolific lying in adulthood. Results reveal that in earlier childhood, the normative growth of ToM and EF increase the frequency and sophistication of lies, while their continued development into adulthood are integral to the desistance of dishonesty. Additionally, it appears that psychopathic traits (e.g., callous-unemotional traits, narcissism), intelligence, and attitudes towards lying may help identify different etiologies of atypical liars (i.e., prolific, pathological). This information for parents, educators, policy makers, and healthcare workers clarifies the natural age-based progressions of lying and highlights patterns of risks for prolonged, excessive lying.
说谎是一种普遍的、复杂的社会心理行为,社会自相矛盾地认为这种行为在道德上应受到谴责,但在社会上又是必要的。然而,学习如何撒谎以及何时撒谎却很困难,一小部分人无法做到这一点,成年后却大量撒谎,并承担由此带来的后果。在全面回顾了有关说谎认知发展的文献,包括其规范和非典型特征之后,本综合著作:1)解释了心智理论(ToM)和执行功能(EF)的成熟如何在从童年到青春期的说谎发展里程碑中交织在一起;2)围绕心智理论、执行功能和说谎的相关性如何导致成年后的多产说谎提出了尚未探索的病因。研究结果表明,在童年早期,ToM 和 EF 的正常增长会增加谎言的频率和复杂性,而它们在成年后的持续发展则是抵制不诚实行为不可或缺的因素。此外,心理变态特质(如冷酷无情特质、自恋)、智力和对说谎的态度似乎有助于识别非典型说谎者(即多产、病态)的不同病因。为家长、教育工作者、政策制定者和医护人员提供的这些信息阐明了说谎的自然年龄进展,并强调了长期、过度说谎的风险模式。
期刊介绍:
Presenting research that bears on important conceptual issues in developmental psychology, Developmental Review: Perspectives in Behavior and Cognition provides child and developmental, child clinical, and educational psychologists with authoritative articles that reflect current thinking and cover significant scientific developments. The journal emphasizes human developmental processes and gives particular attention to issues relevant to child developmental psychology. The research concerns issues with important implications for the fields of pediatrics, psychiatry, and education, and increases the understanding of socialization processes.