Tuning architectural synergy reactivity of nano-tin oxide on high storage reversible capacity retention of ammonium vanadate nanobelt array cathode for lithium-ion battery

Abstract

Enabling ambient cycling stability of vanadium-based materials is of fundamental importance in the advancement of next generation electrodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Although, extending these host layered nano-architectures illustrate the effective electrochemical activity by regulating the gallery space for fast Li⁺ storage, the reported structural integrity in terms of the cycling stability for vanadium-based cathodes is highly challenging. In present study, a series of NH₄V₄O₁₀-SnO₂ (NHV-SnO₂) nanocomposite consisting of diverse contents of SnO₂ (x: 5.0, 15.0 and 30.0 wt%) were synthesized through a three-step program based on sonochemical-calcination-hydrothermal treatment and employed as an advanced energetic material for lithium-ion battery cathodes. For the first time, understanding the impact of SnO₂ loading on electrochemical reactions of NHV-based electrodes was regarded as an effective engineering strategy to optimize structural modulation and cell lifetime without distinct capacity fading. Notably, combination of NHV and SnO₂ in optimum proportions not only enhances the specific surface area, but also expand buffer the volume change for lithium-ion intercalation/extraction. By this design, the assembled battery containing 15.0 wt% SnO₂ illustrated stable capacities of 301.77 mAh g⁻¹ (30 mA g⁻¹) and 232.05 mAh g⁻¹ (240 mA g⁻¹) with capacity retention values as high as 97.94 % and 97.03 % for 50 cycles, respectively. Of note, the results described here could show a vital guidance toward designing better composite-based cathode material for energy storage devices.