Armillaria Species Causing Kiwifruit Vine Decline and Root Rot in Northeastern Türkiye: A Growing Concern for Kiwifruit Health

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Journal of Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.1111/jph.13409
Muharrem Türkkan, Tuğba Bozoğlu, Sibel Derviş, İsmail Erper, Göksel Özer
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Abstract

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) production in northeastern Türkiye is facing an emerging threat from Armillaria root rot. Surveys conducted in August 2021 and 2022 revealed that 10.5%–17.5% of the 200–500 vines within each of 35 kiwifruit orchards in the Perşembe, Gülyalı and Altınordu districts of Ordu province exhibited symptoms of Armillaria root rot, including complete defoliation. Diseased plants exhibited diagnostic signs on their root collars and woody roots, including white mycelial fans, extensive wood rot and rhizomorphs. A single Armillaria isolate was obtained from each of the 35 symptomatic orchards. Molecular identification, employing DNA sequencing of the large subunit (LSU) region of rDNA, the translation elongation factor subunit 1-alpha (TEF1) gene and the second largest RNA polymerase II B-subunit (RPB2) gene, identified 20 isolates as Armillaria gallica and 15 as A. mellea. Phylogenetic analyses, based on TEF1 alignments, further supported the species identification with a 100% bootstrap value. To examine genetic diversity, start codon targeted (SCoT) marker 13 was used, successfully differentiating the two Armillaria species and revealing three distinct clades. Clades I and II comprised 15 and 5 isolates of A. gallica, respectively, while Clade III contained all 15 A. mellea isolates. Pathogenicity testing on kiwifruit seedlings (cv. Hayward) revealed the ability of both A. gallica and A. mellea isolates to induce disease. Rhizomorph-producing isolates in kiwifruit seedlings displayed high virulence, inducing severe leaf necrosis and seedling mortality, while isolates lacking these structures were non-pathogenic. This study identifies the first global instance of A. gallica causing kiwifruit root rot. This finding, along with the identification of A. mellea as a causal agent in the country, highlights the emerging threat of Armillaria root rot to kiwifruit production in the region.

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造成蒂尔基耶东北部猕猴桃藤蔓衰退和根腐病的阿米拉里亚种:猕猴桃健康日益受到关注
土耳其东北部的猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)生产正面临着新出现的根腐病威胁。2021 年 8 月和 2022 年 8 月进行的调查显示,在奥尔杜省佩尔森贝、居利亚勒和阿尔特诺尔杜地区的 35 个猕猴桃果园中,每个果园的 200-500 株葡萄藤中有 10.5%-17.5% 出现了根腐病的症状,包括完全落叶。病株的根领和木质根上出现了诊断性症状,包括白色菌丝扇、大面积木质腐烂和根瘤。从 35 个有症状的果园中,每个果园都获得了一个阿米拉氏菌分离株。通过对 rDNA 大亚基(LSU)区域、翻译延伸因子亚基 1-α(TEF1)基因和第二大 RNA 聚合酶 II B-亚基(RPB2)基因进行 DNA 测序进行分子鉴定,确定 20 个分离株为五倍子臂孢属(Armillaria gallica),15 个分离株为梅勒氏臂孢属(A. mellea)。基于 TEF1 的系统发育分析进一步支持了物种鉴定,引导值达到 100%。为了研究遗传多样性,使用了起始密码子目标(SCoT)标记 13,成功地区分了这两种节肢动物,并发现了三个不同的支系。支系 I 和支系 II 分别包含 15 个和 5 个 A. gallica 分离物,而支系 III 则包含所有 15 个 A. mellea 分离物。对猕猴桃幼苗(变种 Hayward)的致病性测试表明,A. gallica 和 A. mellea 分离物都有诱发疾病的能力。在猕猴桃幼苗中产生根状茎的分离株显示出很强的致病力,可诱导严重的叶片坏死和幼苗死亡,而缺乏这些结构的分离株则不致病。这项研究首次在全球发现了 A. gallica 导致猕猴桃根腐病的实例。这一发现以及 A. mellea 在该国的病原鉴定,凸显了根腐病对该地区猕猴桃生产的新威胁。
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来源期刊
Journal of Phytopathology
Journal of Phytopathology 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
88
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Phytopathology publishes original and review articles on all scientific aspects of applied phytopathology in agricultural and horticultural crops. Preference is given to contributions improving our understanding of the biotic and abiotic determinants of plant diseases, including epidemics and damage potential, as a basis for innovative disease management, modelling and forecasting. This includes practical aspects and the development of methods for disease diagnosis as well as infection bioassays. Studies at the population, organism, physiological, biochemical and molecular genetic level are welcome. The journal scope comprises the pathology and epidemiology of plant diseases caused by microbial pathogens, viruses and nematodes. Accepted papers should advance our conceptual knowledge of plant diseases, rather than presenting descriptive or screening data unrelated to phytopathological mechanisms or functions. Results from unrepeated experimental conditions or data with no or inappropriate statistical processing will not be considered. Authors are encouraged to look at past issues to ensure adherence to the standards of the journal.
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