Estrategia terapéutica en el paciente diabético (I). Empoderamiento del paciente y educación. Objetivos terapéuticos. Estilo de vida, alimentación y control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Sistemas de control glucémico

Abstract

Managing type 2 diabetes (DM2) requires a multifactorial approach. The foundation of treatment is lifestyle modification and diabetes education. Patients must be involved in decision making and be given tools to help them manage their disease. The four basic pillars of DM2 management are: a) glycemic control; b) blood pressure management; c) lipid management; and d) use of drugs with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits. In terms of lifestyle, it is recommended to combine a diet that contributes to weight maintenance and glycemic control as well as the incorporation of regular moderate physical activity (at least 150 minutes per week). Cholesterol and blood pressure targets should be individualized for each patient with DM2 based on the presence of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk. Smoking cessation is recommended. There are two main glycemic control systems: blood glucose monitoring (capillary glycemia) and continuous glucose monitoring.