K. Uday Venkat Kiran , Alexandar Azenkeng , Sougata Roy
{"title":"Exploring the potential of coal derived graphite as next generation lubricant additive for multifunctional applications","authors":"K. Uday Venkat Kiran , Alexandar Azenkeng , Sougata Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.mfglet.2024.09.035","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, the friction and wear characteristics of steel/steel contact under reciprocating sliding conditions were investigated using composite mixtures made from Polyalphaolefin 4 (PAO4) as base oil lubricant and North Dakota lignite-derived graphite (LG) as high-value carbon additive. The results show that addition of 1 wt% LG to PAO4 led to a reduction in the friction coefficient and wear volume by ∼15 % and ∼13 %, respectively. In addition, the oxidation induction time (OIT) at 160 °C was increased by ∼29 %, which further indicates good stability of the formulated composite lubricant against oxidative degradation. The primary wear mechanism on AISI 52100 steel flat and counter-body was found to be abrasive wear under high-contact stress reciprocating sliding conditions, where tribo-oxide films of 100–200 nm were observed on the wear tracks of 52100 steel surfaces using focused ion beam scanning transmission electron microscopy (FIB-STEM). Furthermore, cross-sectional analysis of the wear track of AISI 52100 steel revealed that 1 wt% of LG additive reduced the thickness of the sub-surface deformation zone by 44 %, which indicates higher load-bearing capacity and improved wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38186,"journal":{"name":"Manufacturing Letters","volume":"41 ","pages":"Pages 296-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Manufacturing Letters","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221384632400097X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In the present study, the friction and wear characteristics of steel/steel contact under reciprocating sliding conditions were investigated using composite mixtures made from Polyalphaolefin 4 (PAO4) as base oil lubricant and North Dakota lignite-derived graphite (LG) as high-value carbon additive. The results show that addition of 1 wt% LG to PAO4 led to a reduction in the friction coefficient and wear volume by ∼15 % and ∼13 %, respectively. In addition, the oxidation induction time (OIT) at 160 °C was increased by ∼29 %, which further indicates good stability of the formulated composite lubricant against oxidative degradation. The primary wear mechanism on AISI 52100 steel flat and counter-body was found to be abrasive wear under high-contact stress reciprocating sliding conditions, where tribo-oxide films of 100–200 nm were observed on the wear tracks of 52100 steel surfaces using focused ion beam scanning transmission electron microscopy (FIB-STEM). Furthermore, cross-sectional analysis of the wear track of AISI 52100 steel revealed that 1 wt% of LG additive reduced the thickness of the sub-surface deformation zone by 44 %, which indicates higher load-bearing capacity and improved wear resistance.