The Role of Inflammation in Early Left Ventricular Thrombus Formation Following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction—A Matched Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background

There is limited data on the association between inflammation and the formation of early left ventricular thrombus (LVT) following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to explore the predictive value of several inflammatory biomarkers for LVT formation following STEMI.

Methods and Results

Our cohort included 2534 consecutive patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) with STEMI. The final analysis included 51 patients with LVT and 102 patients without LVT, matched for age, sex, anterior infarct and ejection fraction. Upon admission, patients with LVT had higher white blood cell counts (WBC) (12.8 ± 7 vs. 12.4 ± 4 ×10³/µL, p = 0.01), higher absolute neutrophil counts (10.5 ± 4 vs. 8.6 ± 4 ×10³/µL, p = 0.003), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (8.2 ± 6 vs. 4.8 ± 4, p = 0.04), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (35.9 ± 62 vs. 18.6 ± 40 mg/L, p = 0.04). Peak values for WBC and CRP were also higher in the LVT group (17.8 ± 8 vs. 14.6 ± 5 ×10³/µL, p = 0.003 and 95.8 ± 82 vs. 64.2 ± 76 mg/L, p = 0.02, respectively). In univariate regression analysis, WBC upon admission (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21, p = 0.02), peak WBC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, p = 0.009), neutrophil count upon admission (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04–1.26, p = 0.004), and peak CRP (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1–1.01, p = 0.03) predicted LVT formation, which was also evident in multivariate regression models.

Conclusion

WBC and neutrophil counts upon admission, as well as peak WBC and CRP, have additional predictive value for LVT formation following STEMI, beyond classical risk factors.