Engineering human immune organoids for translational immunology

IF 18 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Bioactive Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.10.010

Intan Rosalina Suhito , Christina Sunil , Andy Tay

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Abstract

Animal models have been extensively used as a gold standard in various biological research, including immunological studies. Despite high availability and ease of handling procedure, they inadequately represent complex interactions and unique cellular properties in humans due to inter-species genetic and microenvironmental differences which have resulted in clinical-stage failures. Organoid technology has gained enormous attention as they provide sophisticated insights about tissue architecture and functionality in miniaturized organs. In this review, we describe the use of organoid system to overcome limitations in animal-based investigations, such as physiological mismatch with humans, costly, time-consuming, and low throughput screening. Immune organoids are one of the specific advancements in organogenesis ex vivo, which can reflect human adaptive immunity with more physiologically relevant aspects. We discuss how immune organoids are established from patient-derived lymphoid tissues, as well as their characteristics and functional features to understand immune mechanisms and responses. Also, some bioengineering perspectives are considered for any potential progress of immuno-engineered organoids.

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为转化免疫学设计人体免疫器官组织

动物模型已被广泛用作包括免疫学研究在内的各种生物学研究的黄金标准。尽管动物模型可用性高且易于操作，但由于物种间遗传和微环境的差异，动物模型不能充分反映人类复杂的相互作用和独特的细胞特性，从而导致临床阶段的失败。类器官技术为微型器官的组织结构和功能提供了复杂的见解，因此获得了极大的关注。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍如何利用类器官系统克服动物研究中的局限性，如与人类生理不匹配、成本高、耗时长、筛选通量低等。免疫类器官是体外器官形成的具体进展之一，它能从更多生理相关方面反映人类的适应性免疫。我们将讨论如何从患者来源的淋巴组织中建立免疫器官组织，以及它们的特点和功能特征，以了解免疫机制和反应。此外，我们还从生物工程的角度探讨了免疫工程器官组织可能取得的进展。

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来源期刊

Bioactive Materials Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

28.00

自引率

6.30%

发文量

436

审稿时长

20 days

期刊介绍： Bioactive Materials is a peer-reviewed research publication that focuses on advancements in bioactive materials. The journal accepts research papers, reviews, and rapid communications in the field of next-generation biomaterials that interact with cells, tissues, and organs in various living organisms. The primary goal of Bioactive Materials is to promote the science and engineering of biomaterials that exhibit adaptiveness to the biological environment. These materials are specifically designed to stimulate or direct appropriate cell and tissue responses or regulate interactions with microorganisms. The journal covers a wide range of bioactive materials, including those that are engineered or designed in terms of their physical form (e.g. particulate, fiber), topology (e.g. porosity, surface roughness), or dimensions (ranging from macro to nano-scales). Contributions are sought from the following categories of bioactive materials: Bioactive metals and alloys Bioactive inorganics: ceramics, glasses, and carbon-based materials Bioactive polymers and gels Bioactive materials derived from natural sources Bioactive composites These materials find applications in human and veterinary medicine, such as implants, tissue engineering scaffolds, cell/drug/gene carriers, as well as imaging and sensing devices.