Faulted karst reservoir spaces in Middle-Lower Triassic carbonates, Qingjiang Region, Yangtze block, China

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Structural Geology Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105273
Shixi Liao , Fei Cao , Lin Jiang , Yan Wang , Peijin Li , Chaohua Guo , Lin Pan , Xiao Wang
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Abstract

The complexity and heterogeneity of ultra-deep faulted karst reservoirs pose significant challenges for hydrocarbon exploration. In this study, we integrated remote sensing image analysis, field measurements, and core sample testing to evaluate the characteristics and controlling factors of carbonate reservoir spaces within the Middle and Lower Triassic formations along a regional strike-slip fault in the Qingjiang region of China. The strike-slip fault zone is composed of multiple fault cores and damage zones. Based on differences in damage zone width and linear fault density, the fault zone was subdivided into transtensional and transpressional segmentations. The carbonate reservoirs, primarily developed within the damage zones, consist of fractures, fracture clusters, and cavities. Detailed measurements of the carbonate outcrops were conducted to obtain geometric parameters of the reservoir spaces. Quantitative results indicate that in the transtensional segmentation, the reservoir is dominated by tensile fracture-cavity systems, characterized by larger fracture apertures (0.13–1.25 m), higher linear fracture density (0.38–8.37 m⁻1), and well-developed cavities (0.03–4.84 m2), which contribute to better fluid connectivity and storage capacity. In contrast, the transpressional segmentation is dominated by compressional fracture-fracture cluster systems, with longer fractures (0.11–12.52 m), smaller fracture apertures (0.01–0.94 m), and extensive fracture clusters development (0.18–17.87 m2), but with lower fluid connectivity and limited storage capacity. Mechanical testing results show that the average compressive strength in the transtensional segmentation (133.95 MPa) is significantly higher than that in the transpressional segmentation (70.28 MPa). In terms of mineral composition, the transtensional segmentation has a higher calcite content, whereas the transpressional segmentation is richer in dolomite and quartz. Based on the observed differences in reservoir space characteristics across the strike-slip fault zone, we discussed the combined effects of structural segmentation, formation thickness, rock mechanics, and brittle mineral content on reservoir space development. The study emphasizes that stress conditions (primary factor) and material properties (secondary factor) jointly control fluid migration and storage efficiency in the reservoirs. Additionally, we suggest that the outcrop studies in the Qingjiang region provide valuable geological analogs for faulted karst reservoirs, offering critical insights for improving the precision of carbonate reservoir exploration and optimizing production efficiency.
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中国长江地块清江地区中下三叠统碳酸盐岩中的断层岩溶储层空间
超深断层岩溶储层的复杂性和异质性给油气勘探带来了巨大挑战。在本研究中,我们综合运用遥感图像分析、野外测量和岩心样品测试等方法,对中国清江地区一条区域性走向滑动断层沿线中、下三叠统地层中碳酸盐岩储层空间的特征和控制因素进行了评价。该走向滑动断层带由多个断层核心和破坏带组成。根据破坏带宽度和线性断层密度的差异,断层带被细分为转折断裂带和转折断裂带。碳酸盐岩储层主要发育在破坏带内,由断裂、断裂群和空洞组成。对碳酸盐岩露头进行了详细测量,以获得储层空间的几何参数。定量结果表明,在横断段,储层以拉伸断裂-空洞系统为主,其特点是断裂孔径较大(0.13-1.25 米)、线性断裂密度较高(0.38-8.37 米-1)、空洞发达(0.03-4.84 平方米),这有助于提高流体连通性和储量。相比之下,转压分段以压缩断裂-断裂簇系统为主,断裂较长(0.11-12.52 米),断裂孔径较小(0.01-0.94 米),断裂簇发育广泛(0.18-17.87 平方米),但流体连通性较差,储量有限。力学测试结果表明,横断段的平均抗压强度(133.95 兆帕)明显高于横断段(70.28 兆帕)。在矿物成分方面,横断段的方解石含量较高,而转压段则富含白云石和石英。根据所观察到的整个走向滑动断层带储层空间特征的差异,我们讨论了构造分段、地层厚度、岩石力学和脆性矿物含量对储层空间发育的综合影响。研究强调,应力条件(主要因素)和材料特性(次要因素)共同控制着储层中的流体迁移和存储效率。此外,我们认为清江地区的露头研究为断层岩溶储层提供了宝贵的地质类比,为提高碳酸盐岩储层勘探精度和优化生产效率提供了重要启示。
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来源期刊
Journal of Structural Geology
Journal of Structural Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
19.40%
发文量
192
审稿时长
15.7 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Structural Geology publishes process-oriented investigations about structural geology using appropriate combinations of analog and digital field data, seismic reflection data, satellite-derived data, geometric analysis, kinematic analysis, laboratory experiments, computer visualizations, and analogue or numerical modelling on all scales. Contributions are encouraged to draw perspectives from rheology, rock mechanics, geophysics,metamorphism, sedimentology, petroleum geology, economic geology, geodynamics, planetary geology, tectonics and neotectonics to provide a more powerful understanding of deformation processes and systems. Given the visual nature of the discipline, supplementary materials that portray the data and analysis in 3-D or quasi 3-D manners, including the use of videos, and/or graphical abstracts can significantly strengthen the impact of contributions.
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