A study on the impact of liquid metal droplets onto metal and elastomer substrates

IF 3.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Acta Mechanica Sinica Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1007/s10409-024-24165-x
Zilu He  (, ), Rui Xiao  (, ), Shaoxing Qu  (, )
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Abstract

The diffusion and dynamic behaviors of liquid metal droplet during impact significantly affect its application in 3D printing and painting processes. To obtain a better understanding of the impact process of liquid metal droplets, we analyze the influence of different initial conditions and substrate materials on droplet spreading, impact force, and elastic wave propagation on the substrate. It is found that an agglomeration phenomenon can be observed when the liquid metal droplets impact onto a soft elastomer substrate, which is not observed as a metal substrate is employed. Regardless of the substrate material, when surface tension dominates the diffusion, the diffusion factor of droplets is proportional to \(\sqrt{We}\) (Weber number). It is also observed that the self-similarity of liquid metal droplet impact force on copper substrates, which is not the case for soft elastomer substrates. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations, the time-domain curve and peak point of the droplet can be well predicted for a metal substrate. Furthermore, by recording the acceleration signal on the substrates, we further obtain the energy radiated by elastic waves, providing an explanation for energy conversion during the impact process with varying parameters. The results provide an additional understanding on the complex impact behaviors of liquid metal droplets.

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液态金属液滴对金属和弹性体基底的影响研究
液态金属液滴在冲击过程中的扩散和动态行为极大地影响了其在三维打印和喷涂工艺中的应用。为了更好地理解液态金属液滴的冲击过程,我们分析了不同初始条件和基底材料对液滴在基底上的扩散、冲击力和弹性波传播的影响。研究发现,当液态金属液滴撞击到软弹性体基底上时,会出现团聚现象,而采用金属基底时则不会出现这种现象。无论基底材料如何,当表面张力主导扩散时,液滴的扩散系数与 \(\sqrt{We}\)(韦伯数)成正比。此外,还观察到液态金属液滴对铜基底的冲击力具有自相似性,而对软弹性体基底则没有。利用平滑粒子流体力学(SPH)模拟,可以很好地预测金属基底上液滴的时域曲线和峰值点。此外,通过记录基底上的加速度信号,我们进一步获得了弹性波辐射的能量,从而解释了不同参数下冲击过程中的能量转换。这些结果让我们对液态金属液滴的复杂撞击行为有了更多的了解。
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来源期刊
Acta Mechanica Sinica
Acta Mechanica Sinica 物理-工程:机械
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
20.00%
发文量
1807
审稿时长
4 months
期刊介绍: Acta Mechanica Sinica, sponsored by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, promotes scientific exchanges and collaboration among Chinese scientists in China and abroad. It features high quality, original papers in all aspects of mechanics and mechanical sciences. Not only does the journal explore the classical subdivisions of theoretical and applied mechanics such as solid and fluid mechanics, it also explores recently emerging areas such as biomechanics and nanomechanics. In addition, the journal investigates analytical, computational, and experimental progresses in all areas of mechanics. Lastly, it encourages research in interdisciplinary subjects, serving as a bridge between mechanics and other branches of engineering and the sciences. In addition to research papers, Acta Mechanica Sinica publishes reviews, notes, experimental techniques, scientific events, and other special topics of interest. Related subjects » Classical Continuum Physics - Computational Intelligence and Complexity - Mechanics
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