{"title":"R-loops’ m6A modification and its roles in cancers","authors":"Yue Qiu, Changfeng Man, Luyu Zhu, Shiqi Zhang, Xiaoyan Wang, Dandan Gong, Yu Fan","doi":"10.1186/s12943-024-02148-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures composed of an RNA–DNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand. They are widespread and play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA and histone modifications. However, their regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. As R-loop detection technology advances, changes in R-loop levels have been observed in cancer models, often associated with transcription-replication conflicts and genomic instability. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an RNA epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression by affecting RNA localization, splicing, translation, and degradation. Upon reviewing the literature, we found that R-loops with m6A modifications are implicated in tumor development and progression. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms and detection methods of R-loops and m6A modifications in gene regulation, and reviews recent research on m6A-modified R-loops in oncology. Our goal is to provide new insights into the origins of genomic instability in cancer and potential strategies for targeted therapy.","PeriodicalId":19000,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":27.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Molecular Cancer","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02148-y","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures composed of an RNA–DNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand. They are widespread and play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA and histone modifications. However, their regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. As R-loop detection technology advances, changes in R-loop levels have been observed in cancer models, often associated with transcription-replication conflicts and genomic instability. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an RNA epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression by affecting RNA localization, splicing, translation, and degradation. Upon reviewing the literature, we found that R-loops with m6A modifications are implicated in tumor development and progression. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms and detection methods of R-loops and m6A modifications in gene regulation, and reviews recent research on m6A-modified R-loops in oncology. Our goal is to provide new insights into the origins of genomic instability in cancer and potential strategies for targeted therapy.
R 环是一种三链核酸结构，由一条 RNA-DNA 杂交链和一条移位的 DNA 链组成。它们广泛存在，在调控基因表达、DNA 复制以及 DNA 和组蛋白修饰方面发挥着重要作用。然而，它们的调控机制仍不清楚。随着 R 环检测技术的发展，在癌症模型中观察到了 R 环水平的变化，这种变化往往与转录复制冲突和基因组不稳定性有关。N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）是一种 RNA 表观遗传修饰，通过影响 RNA 定位、剪接、翻译和降解来调控基因表达。通过查阅文献，我们发现带有 m6A 修饰的 R 环与肿瘤的发生和发展有关。本文总结了 R 环和 m6A 修饰在基因调控中的分子机制和检测方法，并回顾了肿瘤学中有关 m6A 修饰 R 环的最新研究。我们的目标是为癌症基因组不稳定性的起源和潜在的靶向治疗策略提供新的见解。
期刊介绍：
Molecular Cancer is a platform that encourages the exchange of ideas and discoveries in the field of cancer research, particularly focusing on the molecular aspects. Our goal is to facilitate discussions and provide insights into various areas of cancer and related biomedical science. We welcome articles from basic, translational, and clinical research that contribute to the advancement of understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
The scope of topics covered in Molecular Cancer is diverse and inclusive. These include, but are not limited to, cell and tumor biology, angiogenesis, utilizing animal models, understanding metastasis, exploring cancer antigens and the immune response, investigating cellular signaling and molecular biology, examining epidemiology, genetic and molecular profiling of cancer, identifying molecular targets, studying cancer stem cells, exploring DNA damage and repair mechanisms, analyzing cell cycle regulation, investigating apoptosis, exploring molecular virology, and evaluating vaccine and antibody-based cancer therapies.
Molecular Cancer serves as an important platform for sharing exciting discoveries in cancer-related research. It offers an unparalleled opportunity to communicate information to both specialists and the general public. The online presence of Molecular Cancer enables immediate publication of accepted articles and facilitates the presentation of large datasets and supplementary information. This ensures that new research is efficiently and rapidly disseminated to the scientific community.
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