Parents', Families', Communities' and Healthcare Professionals' Experiences of Care Following Neonatal Death in Healthcare Facilities in LMICs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography

Abstract

Background

Ninety-eight percent of neonatal deaths worldwide occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet there is little bereavement care guidance available for these settings.

Objectives

To explore parents', families' and healthcare professionals' experiences of care after neonatal death in healthcare facilities in LMICs.

Search Strategy and Selection Criteria

Four databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature, meeting the inclusion criteria of qualitative studies exploring the experiences of people who provided or received bereavement care following neonatal death in a LMIC healthcare setting.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data were collected by two independent reviewers, collated through line-by-line coding and then reciprocal and refutational translation, and analysed through Noblit and Hare's seven-step meta-ethnography approach to create first-, second- and third-order themes.

Main Results

Seven first-order themes extracted from the literature included emotional responses, social relationships, staff and systems, religion, connecting with the baby, coping strategies and economic concerns. From these data, three third-order themes arose: The individual, the healthcare setting and the community/context.

Conclusions

Overarching themes in bereavement care shape grief responses and are often similar across geographical locations. Analysing these similarities allows a deeper understanding of the important elements of bereavement care and may be helpful to inform the creation of high-quality, bereavement care guidelines suitable for use in LMIC settings.