Sex Differences in Subclinical Psychotic Experiences: The Role of Daily-Life Social Interactions

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis Sex differences in psychosis are reported across the psychosis spectrum, including in subclinical stages. An important factor in understanding these variations is the subjective experience of everyday social interactions (SI). We investigated whether the presence of psychotic experiences (PEs), as well as associated distress, differs between men and women. We focused on the role of daily-life SI quality and whether its association with PEs varies by sex. Study Design We included adolescents from SIGMA, a general youth population study in Flanders, Belgium (n = 344; mean age = 18.7; 63.4% female). Psychotic experiences were measured using the PQ-16. We used Experience Sampling Methodology to assess daily-life SI. A multilevel model and multiple linear regressions were used to assess, respectively, the relationship between sex and SI quality and whether PEs and their association with SI quality differ between young men and women. Study Results The results of the multilevel linear regression model indicate that the prevalence of and distress associated with PEs were higher in women. No significant difference was observed in the subjective quality of daily SI. Social interaction quality was strongly related to PEs. This association did not seem to vary for the prevalence of PEs, though women’s distress about PEs appeared to be more affected by SI quality. Conclusions Present findings highlight the role of the subjective quality of SI in subclinical psychosis. More research is needed to investigate the mechanisms through which SI quality relates to PEs, and whether these differ between young men and women.