The use of a clip prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer with microcalcifications may not always be required.

Abstract

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is now a common first line therapy for breast cancer. International guidelines recommend placement of a clip before commencement of therapy to assist with localizing the tumor bed in the event of excellent response-this takes up time and resources. The microcalcifications associated usually persist after chemotherapy and could serve as an alternative marker. We investigated to determine prognostic criteria to avoid the need for a marker clip before neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast tumors associated with microcalcifications.

Methods: We performed a 7 year single-center bi-site retrospective analytical observational study of 88 women with calcified breast carcinoma treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our bi-site institution between September 2015 and September 2022. This study includied two groups (clip-free tumor localization vs. clip-free tumor non-localization), and investigating quantitative and qualitative predictive factors. The clip-free tumor localization after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was defined by the visibility of residual calcifications on both views of the pre-operative mammogram on the day of or the day prior to surgery.

Results: The mean age of the 88 women included in our population was 52.8 years (± 12.7 years standard deviation). Of the 90 tumors with microcalcifications, 64 carcinomas (71.1%) were localizable with no marker clip after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The main predictive factors significantly associated with clip-free tumor localization were number of calcifications > 10 (P < 0.0001), grade 2 tumor (P = 0.003) with a probability of locating tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of 97.9%, 95% CI [95.6; 99.0].

Conclusion: More than 10 microcalcifications in a grade 2 breast tumor at the initial diagnosis may obviate the need for a marker clip.