Air quality disparities and respiratory health risks in critically polluted and relatively non-polluted areas: a prospective child health study.

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI:10.1007/s00420-024-02105-8

Rekha Kashyap, Ankit Sheth, Rupal Thasale, Moinuddin Mansuri, Ankit Viramgami

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Abstract

Background: Air pollution, a significant global health concern, notably impacts human well-being. Children, owing to their distinctive physiology and behavior, are particularly susceptible to its adverse effects. This prospective study examines air quality variations and respiratory risks in children residing in critically polluted areas (CPA) compared to relatively non-polluted areas (NPA), utilizing a prospective design to understand the impacts of air pollution on children's respiratory health, including measures like relative risk (RR) and attributable risk (AR).

Methods: This prospective study tracked 739 students of 5th- 7th grade residing in CPA and NPA for one year, and measured the ambient and indoor air quality levels in both these areas. Throughout the study, based on the observed respiratory symptoms new episodes of upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses were recorded for each child on a weekly basis. Incidence rate, RR and AR for both the illnesses were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0.

Results: The study observes higher concentration for particulate matter and gaseous pollutants at CPA in comparison to NPA. Children living in CPA exhibited a notably greater weekly occurrence of both upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses compared to those in NPA, with RR of 1.26 (95% CI: 1.16-1.37) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.34-2.27), respectively. The AR associated with air pollution for upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses among CPA students was found to be 20.7% and 42.7%, respectively.

Conclusion: This research underscores the pressing need to address air pollution in critically polluted areas and its profound effects on children's respiratory health. Public health interventions, such as reducing emissions from industries and creating green spaces, should be prioritized. Furthermore, early respiratory health screening in schools within polluted areas could aid in the timely diagnosis and management of respiratory issues in children.

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严重污染地区和相对无污染地区的空气质量差异和呼吸系统健康风险：一项前瞻性儿童健康研究。

背景：空气污染是全球关注的重大健康问题，对人类福祉造成显著影响。儿童由于其独特的生理和行为习惯，特别容易受到空气污染的不利影响。这项前瞻性研究采用前瞻性设计，考察了严重污染地区（CPA）与相对无污染地区（NPA）儿童的空气质量变化和呼吸系统风险，以了解空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响，包括相对风险（RR）和可归因风险（AR）等指标：这项前瞻性研究对居住在CPA和NPA的739名5-7年级学生进行了为期一年的跟踪调查，并测量了这两个地区的环境和室内空气质量水平。在整个研究过程中，根据观察到的呼吸道症状，每周记录每个孩子新发的上呼吸道和下呼吸道疾病。对两种疾病的发病率、RR 和 AR 进行了比较。统计分析采用 SPSS 26.0：研究发现，与北保护区相比，中央保护区的颗粒物和气体污染物浓度更高。居住在 CPA 的儿童与居住在 NPA 的儿童相比，上呼吸道和下呼吸道疾病的每周发病率明显更高，RR 分别为 1.26（95% CI：1.16-1.37）和 1.74（95% CI：1.34-2.27）。在注册会计师学生中，与空气污染相关的上呼吸道和下呼吸道疾病的发病率分别为 20.7% 和 42.7%：这项研究强调，迫切需要解决严重污染地区的空气污染问题及其对儿童呼吸系统健康的深远影响。应优先考虑公共卫生干预措施，如减少工业排放和创造绿色空间。此外，在污染地区的学校进行早期呼吸健康筛查，有助于及时诊断和处理儿童呼吸系统问题。

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来源期刊

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

6.70%

发文量

127

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health publishes Editorials, Review Articles, Original Articles, and Letters to the Editor. It welcomes any manuscripts dealing with occupational or ambient environmental problems, with a special interest in research at the interface of occupational health and clinical medicine. The scope ranges from Biological Monitoring to Dermatology, from Fibers and Dust to Human Toxicology, from Nanomaterials and Ultra-fine Dust to Night- and Shift Work, from Psycho-mental Distress and Burnout to Vibrations. A complete list of topics can be found on the right-hand side under For authors and editors. In addition, all papers should be based on present-day standards and relate to: -Clinical and epidemiological studies on morbidity and mortality -Clinical epidemiological studies on the parameters relevant to the estimation of health risks -Human experimental studies on environmental health effects. Animal experiments are only acceptable if relevant to pathogenic aspects. -Methods for studying the topics mentioned above.