Delivery of Avocado Seed Extract Using Novel Charge-Switchable Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Galactose Surface Modified to Target Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
{"title":"Delivery of Avocado Seed Extract Using Novel Charge-Switchable Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Galactose Surface Modified to Target Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Aalok Basu, Arunsajee Sae-Be, Thanaphon Namporn, Orasa Suriyaphan, Pongtip Sithisarn, Jiraporn Leanpolchareanchai, Piyaporn Plommaithong, Apichat Chatsukit, Khanit Sa-Ngiamsuntorn, Parichart Naruphontjirakul, Pakatip Ruenraroengsak","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S478574","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sorafenib-resistant (SR) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a current serious problem in liver cancer treatment. Numerous phytochemicals derived from plants exhibit anticancer activity but have never been tested against drug-resistant cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Avocado seed extract (APE) isolated by maceration was analysed for its phytochemical composition and anticancer activity. Novel design charge-switchable pH-responsive nanocarriers of aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with conjugated galactose (GMSN) were synthesised for delivering APE and their physicochemical properties were characterized. The drug loading efficiency (%LE) and entrapment efficiency (%EE) were evaluated. Anticancer activity of APE loaded GMSN was measured against HCC (HepG2, Huh-7) and SR-HCC (SR-HepG2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anticancer activity of APE against non-resistant HepG2 (IC<sub>50</sub> 50.9 ± 0.83 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>), Huh-7 (IC<sub>50</sub> 42.41 ± 1.88 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>), and SR-HepG2 (IC<sub>50</sub> 62.58 ± 2.29 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>) cells was confirmed. The APE loaded GMSN had a diameter of 131.41 ± 14.41 nm with 41.08 ± 2.09%LE and 44.96 ± 2.26%EE. Galactose functionalization (55%) did not perturb the original mesoporous structure. The GMSN imparted positive surface charges, 10.3 ± 0.61mV at acidic medium pH 5.5 along with rapid release of APE 45% in 2 h. The GMSN boosted cellular uptake by HepG2 and SR-HepG2 cells, whereas the amine functionalized facilitated their endosomal escape. Their anticancer activity was demonstrated in non-resistant HCC and SR-HCC cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values at 30.73 ± 3.14 (HepG2), 21.86 ± 0.83 (Huh-7), 35.64 ± 1.34 (SR-HepG2) μg mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, in comparison to the control and non-encapsulated APE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>APE loaded GMSN is highly effective against both non-resistant HCC and SR-HCC and warrants further <i>in vivo</i> investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"10341-10365"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488512/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S478574","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Sorafenib-resistant (SR) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a current serious problem in liver cancer treatment. Numerous phytochemicals derived from plants exhibit anticancer activity but have never been tested against drug-resistant cells.
Methods: Avocado seed extract (APE) isolated by maceration was analysed for its phytochemical composition and anticancer activity. Novel design charge-switchable pH-responsive nanocarriers of aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with conjugated galactose (GMSN) were synthesised for delivering APE and their physicochemical properties were characterized. The drug loading efficiency (%LE) and entrapment efficiency (%EE) were evaluated. Anticancer activity of APE loaded GMSN was measured against HCC (HepG2, Huh-7) and SR-HCC (SR-HepG2).
Results: Anticancer activity of APE against non-resistant HepG2 (IC50 50.9 ± 0.83 μg mL-1), Huh-7 (IC50 42.41 ± 1.88 μg mL-1), and SR-HepG2 (IC50 62.58 ± 2.29 μg mL-1) cells was confirmed. The APE loaded GMSN had a diameter of 131.41 ± 14.41 nm with 41.08 ± 2.09%LE and 44.96 ± 2.26%EE. Galactose functionalization (55%) did not perturb the original mesoporous structure. The GMSN imparted positive surface charges, 10.3 ± 0.61mV at acidic medium pH 5.5 along with rapid release of APE 45% in 2 h. The GMSN boosted cellular uptake by HepG2 and SR-HepG2 cells, whereas the amine functionalized facilitated their endosomal escape. Their anticancer activity was demonstrated in non-resistant HCC and SR-HCC cells with IC50 values at 30.73 ± 3.14 (HepG2), 21.86 ± 0.83 (Huh-7), 35.64 ± 1.34 (SR-HepG2) μg mL-1, respectively, in comparison to the control and non-encapsulated APE.
Conclusion: APE loaded GMSN is highly effective against both non-resistant HCC and SR-HCC and warrants further in vivo investigation.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Nanomedicine is a globally recognized journal that focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. It is a peer-reviewed and open-access publication that covers diverse aspects of this rapidly evolving research area.
With its strong emphasis on the clinical potential of nanoparticles in disease diagnostics, prevention, and treatment, the journal aims to showcase cutting-edge research and development in the field.
Starting from now, the International Journal of Nanomedicine will not accept meta-analyses for publication.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
分享
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
扫码关注我们
