A Review on Apple Pomace Bioactives for Natural Functional Food and Cosmetic Products with Therapeutic Health-Promoting Properties.

Abstract

Apples are consumed lavishly worldwide, while demand is increasing for the management of the huge apple-waste amounts that lead to significant disposal costs and ecological issues. Additionally, apples represent fruits with several bioactive constituents, which are key factors in a healthy, balanced diet. In the present study, an extensive review is presented regarding the bioactive compounds of an apple processing by-product, namely apple pomace, mentioning their significance as viable ingredients/substances in foods and cosmetics aiming at chronic disease prevention and health promotion. Apple pomace contains several constituents, such as polar lipids, phenolics, vitamins and dietary fibers, with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-aging and skin-protecting properties, and thus, they may contribute to minimizing the risk of various health conditions. Additionally, the mechanisms of action of such functional bioactives from apple pomace exert health benefits that will be examined, while the potential synergistic effects will also be investigated. Moreover, we will present the methods and techniques needed for the utilization of apple pomace in the appropriate form, such as powder, extracts, essential oil and so on, and their several applications in the food and cosmeceutical industry sectors, which summarize that apple pomace represents an ideal alternative to synthetic bioactive compounds.