Current Situation of Non-cleft Craniofacial Anomalies in Thailand: A Multicenter Study.

Abstract

Non-cleft craniofacial anomalies significantly impact patients' lives and health care systems. This study addresses the gap in the literature concerning these anomalies. Conducted at 4 major hospitals across Thailand, the research aims to provide an overview and understand the experiences of caregivers. The authors conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in a 3-year period involving 224 primary caregivers of young patients with non-cleft craniofacial anomalies (demographics, medical history, psychosocial aspects). The authors found the highest prevalence of anomalies in the Northern (26.8%) region and the lowest in the Western (3.1%) region. Craniosynostosis and clefts were the predominant anomalies (67.0%), with a surprising lack of family history (7%). Diagnoses were frequently established at regional hospitals (42.0%). Notably, the average outpatient visit was 18.22. A substantial portion of patients required multiple hospital stays: 65.6% with 1 to 5 stays and 9.8% with more than 5 stays. Despite frequent visits, 29% had not received necessary surgery. Of caregivers, 78% had a family income in the middle range (5000-50,000 Thai baht/mo), yet a significant proportion (59.4%) perceived their income as adequate. Their education was bachelor's and higher in only 27.2%. Although stress was common (62.1%), most caregivers (79.0%) did not consider it a burden. The study highlights the challenges faced by both patients and caregivers. It reveals a need for improved access to specialized care, more specialists, dedicated centers, and support networks. A more robust classification system is also essential. To optimize care, a comprehensive and region-specific health care approach is crucial.