Green and efficient synthesis of 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonitriles utilizing novel modified LDH†

Abstract

This research introduced a novel nano catalyst, LDH@PTRMS@DCMBA@CuI, developed from nano copper immobilized on a layered double hydroxide modified with a new type of sulfonamide: N₁,N₃-dicarbamimidoylbenzene-1,3-disulfonamide (DCMBA). This catalyst demonstrated significant activity and selectivity in synthesizing 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonitrile derivatives. The derivatives were produced via a three-component one-pot reaction combining benzaldehydes, malononitrile, and phenyl hydrazine in H₂O/EtOH solvent at 55 °C. This innovative synthesis strategy offered several advantages, including eco-friendliness, simplicity, stability, mild reaction conditions, easy purification of products, short reaction times (15–27 min), and excellent yields (85–93%). Additionally, the green methodology was validated by the catalyst's reusability over four consecutive cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.