Restricted Cortical Activity Involving Parietal Lobe and Sublobar Region Leads to Generalized Spike-Wave Discharges of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy: Evidence from an EEG Source Localization Study.

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have localized the origin of "generalized" spike-wave discharges of idiopathic generalized epilepsies to specific brain regions. Although there are studies in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) which have investigated the origin of spike-wave discharges, reports on the propagation of discharges are sparse.

Objective: The current study investigated the propagation of spike-wave discharges in JME, which was investigated by statistically comparing the electroencephalography (EEG)-derived cortical source activity during (a) various phases of spike-wave discharge versus background (eyes closed) activity, and (b) various phases of the first spike wave versus the corresponding phase of subsequent spike waves.

Material and methods: Fourteen patients with JME who had generalized spike/polyspike and slow wave discharges in interictal EEG were included in the study. A total of 179 spike waves (first discernible spike wave - 55; subsequent spike waves - 124) were selected for source localization. Source analysis was carried out using exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). Statistical analyses to estimate the probability distribution of differences in cortical activity between (a) eight phases of epileptic discharge versus background (eyes closed) activity and (b) phases of the first spike wave versus the corresponding phases of subsequent spike waves were performed by paired t-tests and corrected for multiple testing using LORETA-KEY software.

Results: Widespread activation of cortical voxels (more than 94%) was observed during all phases of epileptic discharge except the initial phase (pre-first spike) and terminal phase (post-peak of the subsequent wave). The parietal lobe, which was the most activated lobe during the pre-first spike, was found to be the least activated during the post-peak of first and subsequent waves. More than 93% of voxels in the sublobar region were consistently activated during all eight phases of discharge.

Conclusion: The study findings suggest that the activity generated from the restricted brain network involving parietal lobe could be propagated through sublobar structures to cause widespread cortical activation during the subsequent phases of the spike-wave cycle.