The gut-brain axis in appetite, satiety, food intake, and eating behavior: Insights from animal models and human studies.

IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pharmacology Research & Perspectives Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1002/prp2.70027
Georgia S Clarke, Amanda J Page, Sally Eldeghaidy
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Abstract

The gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in the finely tuned orchestration of food intake, where both homeostatic and hedonic processes collaboratively control our dietary decisions. This interplay involves the transmission of mechanical and chemical signals from the gastrointestinal tract to the appetite centers in the brain, conveying information on meal arrival, quantity, and chemical composition. These signals are processed in the brain eventually leading to the sensation of satiety and the termination of a meal. However, the regulation of food intake and appetite extends beyond the realms of pure physiological need. Hedonic mechanisms, including sensory perception (i.e., through sight, smell, and taste), habitual behaviors, and psychological factors, exert profound influences on food intake. Drawing from studies in animal models and human research, this comprehensive review summarizes the physiological mechanisms that underlie the gut-brain axis and its interplay with the reward network in the regulation of appetite and satiety. The recent advancements in neuroimaging techniques, with a focus on human studies that enable investigation of the neural mechanisms underpinning appetite regulation are discussed. Furthermore, this review explores therapeutic/pharmacological strategies that hold the potential for controlling food intake.

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食欲、饱腹感、食物摄入量和进食行为中的肠脑轴:动物模型和人体研究的启示
肠道-大脑轴在食物摄入的微调过程中起着至关重要的作用,在这一过程中,平衡过程和享乐过程共同控制着我们的饮食决定。这种相互作用包括从胃肠道向大脑食欲中枢传递机械和化学信号,传达有关食物到达、数量和化学成分的信息。这些信号在大脑中经过处理,最终导致饱腹感和进餐终止。然而,食物摄入和食欲的调节超出了纯生理需求的范畴。包括感官知觉(即通过视觉、嗅觉和味觉)、习惯行为和心理因素在内的享乐机制对食物摄入产生了深远的影响。本综述从动物模型和人体研究中汲取营养,总结了肠脑轴的生理机制及其与奖赏网络在调节食欲和饱腹感方面的相互作用。本综述还讨论了神经成像技术的最新进展,重点关注能够研究食欲调节神经机制的人体研究。此外,本综述还探讨了有可能控制食物摄入量的治疗/药物策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.80%
发文量
120
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: PR&P is jointly published by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET), the British Pharmacological Society (BPS), and Wiley. PR&P is a bi-monthly open access journal that publishes a range of article types, including: target validation (preclinical papers that show a hypothesis is incorrect or papers on drugs that have failed in early clinical development); drug discovery reviews (strategy, hypotheses, and data resulting in a successful therapeutic drug); frontiers in translational medicine (drug and target validation for an unmet therapeutic need); pharmacological hypotheses (reviews that are oriented to inform a novel hypothesis); and replication studies (work that refutes key findings [failed replication] and work that validates key findings). PR&P publishes papers submitted directly to the journal and those referred from the journals of ASPET and the BPS
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