Left atrial volume assessed by echocardiography identifies patients with high risk of adverse outcome after acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract

Background: The left atrial (LA) volume has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of adverse outcome in patients with various cardiac conditions, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, new treatment strategies in patients with AMI have led to better patient outcomes. We hypothesised that increased LA size could still predict mortality in patients with AMI despite improved treatment strategies.

Methods: We included patients with AMI in a prospective multicenter cohort study and the study patients were enrolled from 2014 to 2022. We recorded echocardiographic and clinical data during their index hospitalisation. Indexed LA volume (LAVi) was assessed in all patients and was used as a continuous variable in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The study took place over a period of five years and median follow-up time was 3.8 years (range 3.1 to 5.0 years). The primary study outcomes were all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). MACE was defined as hospital readmission due to myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stroke, heart failure, or onset of new atrial fibrillation.

Results: We included 487 patients (69 ± 12 years old, 26% female) with AMI. During the follow-up period all-cause mortality was 50 (10.3%) and patients who reached the primary outcomes were 153 (31.4%). The deceased patients had higher LAVi compared to survivors (40.0 ± 12.9 mL/m² vs. 29.7 ± 11.2 mL/m², p < 0.001). Factors associated with all-cause mortality and MACE were age, year of enrollment, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), LV filling pressure, moderate or severe mitral regurgitation and LAVi. GLS and EF were segregated into two distinct models due to their moderately high correlation (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). LAVi remained as an independent echocardiographic predictor of primary outcomes after adjusting for the covariates above in two separates multivariable Cox regression models (hazard ratio 1.02/1.02 mL/m² [95% CI 1.01-1.03/1.01-1.03], p = 0.006/0.003).

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that LA dilatation is an independent echocardiographic predictor of mortality and MACE in patients with AMI despite improved treatment strategies. This finding highlights the potential of using LAVi as a marker for prognostication in these patients.