Mutated Adenovirus Attacks in West Bengal, India: Risk Evaluation of Multi-Country Outbreaks and Mitigation Strategies.

IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 NURSING Nursing Open Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1002/nop2.70065
Md Ashrafur Rahman, Sydney Cronmiller, Julianne Ernest, Jonah Nguyen, Donovan Zong, Rob Davis, Amanda Rawa, Marie Roke Thomas, Rana Al Mosharrafa, Yeasna Shanjana, Md Rabiul Islam
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Abstract

Aim: The human adenovirus (HAdV) is beginning to spread rapidly in children through human, surface and animal vectors. Around 12,000 cases were recognised in 2022 in West Bengal and a shocking number of cases arose throughout India and in other under-developed areas. This is going to be a big threat to public health since no vaccine, awareness or protocol policies were introduced. Early detection, immediate isolation and proper policy developments are the key factors in overcoming the situation. Therefore, we performed this rapid review and discussed probable mitigation strategies, updated research on vaccine development, and treatment strategies to control the outbreaks of mutated HAdV.

Design: This is a narrative review of publicly available information.

Methods: Here, we extracted updated information and data using the terms HAdV outbreaks, mutations, species, risks and prevention from Google Scholar and PubMed. We considered relevant articles that have discussed prevention strategies, ongoing research, and antiviral drugs for managing HAdV outbreaks.

Results: Early detection from throat swabs, isolation and symptomatic treatments are required to minimise viral infections. A massive test needs to be performed to find the affected people. The cases should be immediately isolated. It is recommended to treat high-touch surfaces with heat- or bleach-containing cleaners to prevent the spread of infection. Oxygen support and many broad-spectrum antivirals have been used to treat HAdV. Several studies showed antibody neutralisation and interactions between the natural killer cell receptor KIR3DS1 and HLA-F in infected cells, indicating possible therapeutic options in the future. HAdV-4 and HAdV-7 vaccines have been limitedly approved for administration to military personnel.

Conclusion: Isolation, certain safety measures, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs and further research on new vaccines could be useful to prevent this virus from producing a worldwide pandemic. Also, the authorities should ensure the proper therapeutic interventions and nursing care facilities for the infected children.

Patient or public contribution: Patient or public contribution was not relevant to our work.

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印度西孟加拉邦的变异腺病毒袭击:多国疫情爆发的风险评估与缓解策略》。
目的:人类腺病毒(HAdV)开始通过人类、体表和动物媒介在儿童中迅速传播。2022 年,西孟加拉邦确认了约 12,000 例病例,整个印度和其他欠发达地区也出现了数量惊人的病例。由于没有引入疫苗、宣传或协议政策,这将对公共卫生造成巨大威胁。及早发现、立即隔离和制定适当的政策是克服这一局面的关键因素。因此,我们进行了此次快速综述,并讨论了可能的缓解策略、疫苗开发的最新研究以及控制变异 HAdV 爆发的治疗策略:方法:在此,我们使用 HAdV 爆发、变异、物种、风险和预防等术语从 Google Scholar 和 PubMed 中提取了最新信息和数据。我们考虑了讨论预防策略、正在进行的研究以及管理 HAdV 爆发的抗病毒药物的相关文章:结果:要将病毒感染降到最低,需要通过咽拭子进行早期检测、隔离和对症治疗。需要进行大规模检测以发现感染者。应立即隔离病例。建议使用含热或漂白剂的清洁剂处理高接触表面,以防止感染扩散。氧气支持和许多广谱抗病毒药物已被用于治疗 HAdV。一些研究显示,抗体中和以及自然杀伤细胞受体 KIR3DS1 与受感染细胞中的 HLA-F 之间的相互作用,表明未来可能有治疗方案。HAdV-4 和 HAdV-7 疫苗已被有限度地批准用于军事人员:结论:病毒分离、某些安全措施、广谱抗病毒药物和新型疫苗的进一步研究可有效防止该病毒在全球范围内流行。此外,当局应确保为受感染儿童提供适当的治疗干预和护理设施:患者或公众的贡献与我们的工作无关。
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来源期刊
Nursing Open
Nursing Open Nursing-General Nursing
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
4.30%
发文量
298
审稿时长
17 weeks
期刊介绍: Nursing Open is a peer reviewed open access journal that welcomes articles on all aspects of nursing and midwifery practice, research, education and policy. We aim to publish articles that contribute to the art and science of nursing and which have a positive impact on health either locally, nationally, regionally or globally
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