The double disadvantage faced by adolescents from low socioeconomic backgrounds with mental health problems affects earnings up to mid-life

IF 4.9 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Social Science & Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117385
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Abstract

Early childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and mental health problems are both important determinants of adult social and economic experiences, but little is known about how they interact in this respect. We aimed to assess whether poor mental health in adolescence exacerbates labour market inequalities originating from low socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood. We use a birth cohort of individuals born in 1958 in England and follow their employment experiences and cumulative earnings up to age 55. We proxy low SES in childhood with father's occupational class at the time the respondent was aged 11, and use caregiver (usually, parent) ratings of the Rutter inventory at age 16 to identify mental health problems in adolescence. We fit ordinary least squares (OLS) models to estimate the effect of growing up in a low-SES family and experiencing mental health problems (conduct or emotional problems) in adolescence on cumulative earnings (log-transformed). We use an interaction term to test whether the association between mental health problems (conduct and emotional separately) and earnings differed by socioeconomic group. Individuals who experienced conduct problems in adolescence had lower cumulative earnings and employment levels up to age of 55. Moreover, the association between mental health problems and cumulative earnings was higher among individuals who also experienced low SES in childhood. Families from a higher socioeconomic group may have more effective means to counteract the adverse impacts of adolescent mental health problems, likely due to broader access to resources, support systems and opportunities. This underscores the role of structural supports in addressing socioeconomic inequalities in mental health outcomes and their long-terms implications.
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来自低社会经济背景、有心理健康问题的青少年所面临的双重劣势影响了他们直到中年的收入。
幼年时期的社会经济劣势和心理健康问题都是成年后社会和经济经历的重要决定因素,但人们对它们在这方面如何相互作用却知之甚少。我们的目的是评估青少年时期不良的心理健康状况是否会加剧源于童年时期社会经济地位低下(SES)的劳动力市场不平等。我们以 1958 年出生于英格兰的人为出生组群,跟踪调查他们的就业经历和累积收入,直至 55 岁。我们用受访者 11 岁时父亲的职业等级来替代童年时期的低社会经济地位,并使用 16 岁时照顾者(通常是父母)对拉特量表的评分来识别青少年时期的心理健康问题。我们利用普通最小二乘法(OLS)模型来估算在低社会经济地位家庭中成长以及青少年时期出现心理健康问题(行为或情绪问题)对累积收入(对数转换)的影响。我们使用交互项来检验心理健康问题(分别为行为问题和情绪问题)与收入之间的关系是否因社会经济群体而异。在青少年时期出现行为问题的人,直到 55 岁时的累计收入和就业水平都较低。此外,在童年社会经济地位较低的人群中,心理健康问题与累计收入之间的关联度更高。社会经济地位较高的家庭可能有更有效的方法来抵消青少年心理健康问题的不利影响,这可能是由于他们可以获得更广泛的资源、支持系统和机会。这强调了结构性支持在解决心理健康结果的社会经济不平等及其长期影响方面的作用。
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来源期刊
Social Science & Medicine
Social Science & Medicine PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
5.60%
发文量
762
审稿时长
38 days
期刊介绍: Social Science & Medicine provides an international and interdisciplinary forum for the dissemination of social science research on health. We publish original research articles (both empirical and theoretical), reviews, position papers and commentaries on health issues, to inform current research, policy and practice in all areas of common interest to social scientists, health practitioners, and policy makers. The journal publishes material relevant to any aspect of health from a wide range of social science disciplines (anthropology, economics, epidemiology, geography, policy, psychology, and sociology), and material relevant to the social sciences from any of the professions concerned with physical and mental health, health care, clinical practice, and health policy and organization. We encourage material which is of general interest to an international readership.
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