{"title":"Immune-Mediated Neuropathies: Top 10 Clinical Pearls.","authors":"Elizabeth M Monohan, Thomas H Brannagan","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1791579","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune-mediated neuropathies encompass a range of neurological disorders, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multifocal motor neuropathy, autoimmune autonomic neuropathies, and paranodal nodopathies. Recognizing clinical patterns is key to narrowing the broad range of differential diagnoses in immune-mediated neuropathies. Electrodiagnostic testing is a useful tool to support the diagnosis of immune-mediated neuropathies. Our understanding of autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies is rapidly advancing, particularly with the discovery of nodal and paranodal antibodies. Recent advances in neuropathy treatment include the utilization of neonatal Fc receptors to reduce antibody recycling, and the development of complement inhibitors to reduce inflammatory damage, offering promising new therapeutic avenues. Timely identification of immune-mediated neuropathies is imperative as delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to irreversible disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":49544,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"122-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Seminars in Neurology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1791579","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/10/17 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Immune-mediated neuropathies encompass a range of neurological disorders, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multifocal motor neuropathy, autoimmune autonomic neuropathies, and paranodal nodopathies. Recognizing clinical patterns is key to narrowing the broad range of differential diagnoses in immune-mediated neuropathies. Electrodiagnostic testing is a useful tool to support the diagnosis of immune-mediated neuropathies. Our understanding of autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies is rapidly advancing, particularly with the discovery of nodal and paranodal antibodies. Recent advances in neuropathy treatment include the utilization of neonatal Fc receptors to reduce antibody recycling, and the development of complement inhibitors to reduce inflammatory damage, offering promising new therapeutic avenues. Timely identification of immune-mediated neuropathies is imperative as delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to irreversible disability.
免疫介导的神经病包含一系列神经系统疾病，包括慢性炎症性脱髓鞘多发性神经病、格林-巴利综合征、多灶性运动神经病、自身免疫性自主神经病变和结节旁神经病。识别临床模式是缩小免疫介导神经病广泛鉴别诊断范围的关键。电诊断测试是辅助诊断免疫介导的神经病的有用工具。我们对自身免疫性脱髓鞘神经病的认识正在迅速发展，尤其是结节抗体和副结节抗体的发现。神经病治疗的最新进展包括利用新生儿 Fc 受体减少抗体回收，以及开发补体抑制剂减少炎症损伤，这些都为治疗提供了新的前景。及时发现免疫介导的神经病变至关重要，因为延误诊断和治疗可能会导致不可逆转的残疾。
期刊介绍：
Seminars in Neurology is a review journal on current trends in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological diseases. Areas of coverage include multiple sclerosis, central nervous system infections, muscular dystrophy, neuro-immunology, spinal disorders, strokes, epilepsy, motor neuron diseases, movement disorders, higher cortical function, neuro-genetics and neuro-ophthamology. Each issue is presented under the direction of an expert guest editor, and invited contributors focus on a single, high-interest clinical topic.
Up-to-the-minute coverage of the latest information in the field makes this journal an invaluable resource for neurologists and residents.
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