Ascertaining the prognostic role of cardiac resynchronisation therapy in cardiac sarcoidosis: A comparison with ischaemic cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background

Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT) has demonstrated short and long-term benefit in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), including ischaemic (ICM) and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding its role in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).

Methods

Consecutive CS patients with CRT and baseline left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF)≤40 referred to one specialist hospital in London between November 2008-March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The baseline characteristics, short-term echocardiographic, clinical parameters and long-term primary and secondary outcomes were compared against a cohort of ICM patients with CRT and baseline LVEF≤40. Patients with incomplete follow-up were excluded. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation or heart failure hospitalisation. Secondary endpoint included ventricular arrhythmic events.

Results

63 CS and 93 ICM patients were analysed. A greater proportion of ICM patients male with older ages overall (both p < 0.01), whereas a larger proportion of CS patients had atrioventricular block and heart failure hospitalisations (both p < 0.01). Both cohorts demonstrated significant serial increase in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and reduction in LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes (p < 0.01). After a mean follow up of 40.9 (±32.0) months, the primary and secondary endpoint was reached by significantly more CS patients (log-rank p = 0.008 and log-rank p = 0.004). Age (HR: 1.12 (95 %CI 1.06-1.17, p < 0.001) and presence of CS (HR: 8.33 (95 %CI 3.03-22.93, p < 0.001) were independent predictors of the primary endpoint on multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

CS patients with CRT demonstrated reverse remodelling, but had adverse long-term primary and secondary outcomes when compared to ICM patients.