Association between long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and risk of death attributed to esophageal cancer in Taiwan.

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues Pub Date : 2025-01-02 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1080/15287394.2024.2415318
Chun-Yuh Yang
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Abstract

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution as carcinogenic to humans (Group I), most frequently associated with lung cancer. Airborne air pollutants may be associated with other sites of cancer, although few studies have examined this avenue of research. Esophageal cancer mortality rates vary substantially across townships in Taiwan, a fact that suggests environment influence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and deaths attributed to esophageal cancer in 66 municipal areas across Taiwan. To conduct this study, annual PM2.5 levels were determined taking into account age-standardized esophageal cancer mortality rates in male and female residents of these municipalities from 2012 to 2021. The annual PM2.5 levels of each municipality were divided into tertiles and computed adjusted risk ratio (RR) using weighted-multiple regression analyses controlling for municipal lung cancer deaths, urbanization level, and physician density. Men residing in those areas with intermediate PM2.5 tertile levels (18.96-25.19 ug/m3) were found to have an adjusted RR of 1.22 (1.15-1.30) and those of residing areas with the highest tertiles levels (25.20-29.48 ug/m3) exhibited an RR of 1.11 (1.051.18). However, in women in the same municipalities, a significant inverse association was found between PM2.5 levels and mortality attributed to esophageal cancer, 0.82 (95% CI = 0.65-1.04) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.47-0.79), respectively. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer in men in Taiwan.

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台湾长期暴露于微粒空气污染与食道癌死亡风险之间的关系。
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)将暴露于细颗粒物(PM2.5)空气污染列为对人类致癌(第一类),最常见的致癌物是肺癌。空气中的污染物可能与其他部位的癌症有关,但很少有研究对此进行探讨。台湾各乡镇的食道癌死亡率差异很大,这表明环境对食道癌有影响。因此,本研究旨在调查台湾 66 个市辖区长期暴露于环境 PM2.5 与食道癌死亡之间的关系。为了开展这项研究,我们根据这些市镇男性和女性居民在2012年至2021年期间的年龄标准化食管癌死亡率,确定了PM2.5的年度水平。将每个城市的年度 PM2.5 水平分为三等分,并使用加权多重回归分析计算调整后的风险比 (RR),同时控制城市肺癌死亡率、城市化水平和医生密度。结果发现,居住在PM2.5中位数水平(18.96-25.19微克/立方米)地区的男性的调整风险比为1.22(1.15-1.30),而居住在最高位数水平(25.20-29.48微克/立方米)地区的男性的调整风险比为1.11(1.051.18)。然而,在同一城市的女性中,PM2.5水平与食道癌死亡率之间存在显著的反向关系,分别为0.82(95% CI = 0.65-1.04)和0.61(95% CI = 0.47-0.79)。这些研究结果表明,长期暴露于PM2.5会增加台湾男性罹患食道癌的风险。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
19.20%
发文量
46
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A , Current Issues is an authoritative journal that features strictly refereed original research in the field of environmental sciences, public and occupational health, and toxicology.
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