Birth Outcomes and Prenatal Care Use in the U.S. During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 and 2021.

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q1 NURSING Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI:10.1111/birt.12890

Wei Lyu, George L Wehby

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Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed substantial social and economic disruptions that may have had adverse effects on maternal and infant health. This study examines the changes in birth outcomes and prenatal care use during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 compared to pre-pandemic years.

Methods: Data come from birth certificates from the U.S. Vital Statistics Natality Files. The analytical sample includes 18,678,327 births in the 50 states and Washington, DC between 2017 and 2021. An event study is employed to examine changes in multiple birth outcomes and prenatal care use over years adjusting for demographic/socioeconomic characteristics and state of residence.

Results: There were very small changes in birth outcomes during pandemic years in 2020 and 2021. Specifically, low birth weight odds were lower in 2020 (OR = 0.99; 95 CI: 0.98-0.99) but higher in 2021 (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.03-1.04) compared to 2019. C-section odds were higher in 2021 (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.002-1.008) than in 2019. The mean number of prenatal visits in both 2020 and 2021 relative to 2019 was lower by about 0.3 visits (95% CI: -0.31 to -0.30 in 2021).

Conclusion: Overall, there is no evidence of broad pandemic effects on low birth weight and preterm birth in 2020-2021.

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2020 年和 2021 年 COVID-19 大流行期间美国的分娩结果和产前护理使用情况。

背景：COVID-19 大流行造成了严重的社会和经济混乱，可能会对母婴健康产生不利影响。本研究探讨了 2020 年和 2021 年 COVID-19 大流行期间与大流行前相比，出生结果和产前护理使用情况的变化：数据来自美国生命统计出生档案的出生证明。分析样本包括 2017 年至 2021 年期间 50 个州和华盛顿特区的 18,678,327 例新生儿。研究采用事件研究的方法，在对人口/社会经济特征和居住州进行调整后，考察多年来多胎分娩结果和产前护理使用情况的变化：结果：在 2020 年和 2021 年的大流行年，出生结果的变化非常小。具体而言，与 2019 年相比，2020 年的低出生体重几率较低（OR = 0.99; 95 CI: 0.98-0.99），但 2021 年的几率较高（OR = 1.03; 95 CI: 1.03-1.04）。2021 年的剖腹产几率（OR = 1.01，95% CI：1.002-1.008）高于 2019 年。与 2019 年相比，2020 年和 2021 年的平均产前检查次数减少了约 0.3 次（95% CI：2021 年为-0.31 至-0.30）：总体而言，没有证据表明 2020-2021 年大流行会对低出生体重儿和早产儿产生广泛影响。

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来源期刊

Birth-Issues in Perinatal Care 医学-妇产科学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Birth: Issues in Perinatal Care is a multidisciplinary, refereed journal devoted to issues and practices in the care of childbearing women, infants, and families. It is written by and for professionals in maternal and neonatal health, nurses, midwives, physicians, public health workers, doulas, social scientists, childbirth educators, lactation counselors, epidemiologists, and other health caregivers and policymakers in perinatal care.