Dual roles of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer progression and antitumor immune response

IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189201
Yang Yang, Surong Dong, Benshuai You, Chenglin Zhou
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Abstract

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are a class of transposable elements formed by the integration of ancient retroviruses into the germline genome. They are inherited in a Mendelian manner and approximately constitute 8 % of the human genome. HERVs were considered as “junk DNA” for decades, but increasing evidence suggests that they play significant roles in pathological inflammation, neural differentiation, and oncogenesis. Specifically, HERVs expression has been implicated in several oncogenic processes and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, the dual roles of HERVs in cancer, serving as both promoters of oncogenesis and forerunners of the innate antitumor immune response, remain a subject of debate. In this review, we will discuss how HERVs participate in cancer progression and how they are regulated. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties and potential function of HERVs in propagating oncogenesis and activating the antitumor immune response. We hope that updated knowledge will reshape our understanding of the critical roles played by HERVs in human evolution and cancer progression.
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人类内源性逆转录病毒在癌症进展和抗肿瘤免疫反应中的双重作用。
人类内源性逆转录病毒(HERVs)是一类转座元件,由古老的逆转录病毒整合到种系基因组中形成。它们以孟德尔方式遗传,约占人类基因组的 8%。几十年来,HERVs 一直被认为是 "垃圾 DNA",但越来越多的证据表明,它们在病理炎症、神经分化和肿瘤发生中发挥着重要作用。具体来说,HERVs 的表达与多种致癌过程和肿瘤微环境的形成有关。事实上,HERVs 在癌症中的双重作用--既是肿瘤发生的促进因子,又是先天抗肿瘤免疫反应的先驱--仍是一个争论的话题。在本综述中,我们将讨论 HERVs 如何参与癌症进展以及如何对其进行调控。我们的目的是全面了解 HERVs 在传播肿瘤发生和激活抗肿瘤免疫反应方面的基本特性和潜在功能。我们希望最新的知识能够重塑我们对 HERVs 在人类进化和癌症进展中所扮演的关键角色的理解。
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来源期刊
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer 医学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
17.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
138
审稿时长
33 days
期刊介绍: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer encompasses the entirety of cancer biology and biochemistry, emphasizing oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, growth-related cell cycle control signaling, carcinogenesis mechanisms, cell transformation, immunologic control mechanisms, genetics of human (mammalian) cancer, control of cell proliferation, genetic and molecular control of organismic development, rational anti-tumor drug design. It publishes mini-reviews and full reviews.
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