Assessment of Nutritional Status among Elderly Hospitalized Patients in Enugu, Nigeria: A Hospital-based Study.

Ngozi Ijeoma Okoro, Bruno Basil, Michael Chinweuba Abonyi
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Abstract

Background: The ageing population worldwide presents a significant challenge for healthcare systems, with malnutrition being a common problem among elderly individuals, particularly those hospitalized. Assessing nutritional status is crucial for identifying and addressing malnutrition in this population. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among elderly hospitalized patients in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare setting.

Methodology: This was a hospital-based descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from March to June 2023, involving 122 patients aged 60 years and above. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were collected, and the Short-form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF) tool was used to assess nutritional status. The reliability of the MNA-SF was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient and item-to-total score correlations.

Results: The mean MNA score was 14.4 ± 5.3, with 71.3% of participants classified as malnourished, 22.1% at risk of malnutrition, and 6.6% well-nourished. Significant differences were observed in the body mass index (BMI) of nourished, at-risk, and malnourished individuals respectively (23.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2, 22.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2, and 19.6 ± 2.8 kg/m2, p < 0.001). The MNA-SF tool demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.777), with significant correlations between total MNA scores and most MNA-SF questions.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of malnutrition among elderly hospitalized patients in this Nigerian tertiary hospital emphasizes the importance of implementing routine nutritional screening protocols and targeted nutritional interventions for improved health outcomes among the elderly.

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尼日利亚埃努古老年住院病人的营养状况评估:一项基于医院的研究。
背景:全球人口老龄化给医疗保健系统带来了巨大挑战,营养不良是老年人,尤其是住院老年人的常见问题。评估营养状况对于识别和解决这类人群的营养不良问题至关重要。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚三级医疗机构中住院老年患者的营养不良患病率:这是一项基于医院的描述性横断面研究,研究时间为 2023 年 3 月至 6 月,涉及 122 名 60 岁及以上的患者。研究收集了人口统计学数据和人体测量数据,并使用短式迷你营养评估(MNA-SF)工具评估营养状况。采用 Cronbach's α 系数和项目与总分的相关性评估了 MNA-SF 的可靠性:平均 MNA 得分为 14.4 ± 5.3,71.3% 的参与者被归类为营养不良,22.1% 的参与者面临营养不良风险,6.6% 的参与者营养良好。营养良好、面临营养不良风险和营养不良人群的体重指数(BMI)分别为(23.3 ± 3.6 kg/m2、22.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2和19.6 ± 2.8 kg/m2,P < 0.001),差异显著。MNA-SF 工具显示出可接受的可靠性(Cronbach's α 系数 = 0.777),MNA 总分与大多数 MNA-SF 问题之间存在显著相关性:这家尼日利亚三级医院的老年住院病人营养不良发生率很高,这强调了实施常规营养筛查方案和有针对性的营养干预措施对改善老年人健康状况的重要性。
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