Boosting Oxidative Stress with Hydroxyethyl Starch Smart Nanomedicines to Eliminate Cancer Stem Cells

IF 14 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Accounts of materials research Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI:10.1021/accountsmr.4c00240
Zitao Fan, Xing Wang, Xiangliang Yang, Zifu Li
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Abstract

The significance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare population of cells in tumor tissues, in biology and the treatment of solid malignancies has been widely appreciated for more than two decades. Due to a peculiar self-renewal capability, even one single cancer stem cell can grow into a bulk tumor mass. For this reason, CSCs have long been blamed as the major culprit of tumor initiation, tumor progression, treatment resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. Therefore, it has been postulated that targeting CSCs could provide tremendous clinical benefits for patients with solid tumors. Accumulating studies corroborated that CSCs maintained a tight regulation of redox homeostasis and that the fate of CSCs was extremely sensitive to elevated oxidative stress. Accordingly, a plethora of therapeutic drugs that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been leveraged to target CSCs. Nonetheless, few drugs or formulations that are capable of elevating oxidative stress have achieved clinical success for eliminating CSCs thus far.

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用羟乙基淀粉智能纳米药物增强氧化应激,消灭癌症干细胞
癌症干细胞(CSCs)是肿瘤组织中一种罕见的细胞群,二十多年来,它在实体恶性肿瘤的生物学和治疗中的意义已得到广泛重视。由于具有奇特的自我更新能力,即使是单个癌症干细胞也能生长为大块肿瘤。因此,干细胞一直被认为是肿瘤发生、发展、耐药、转移和复发的罪魁祸首。因此,人们推测针对 CSCs 的治疗可为实体瘤患者带来巨大的临床益处。越来越多的研究证实,CSCs 对氧化还原平衡保持着严格的调控,CSCs 的命运对氧化应激的升高极为敏感。因此,大量可产生活性氧(ROS)的治疗药物已被用于靶向 CSCs。然而,迄今为止,能够提高氧化应激的药物或制剂很少在临床上成功消灭 CSCs。
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