Procalcitonin serum level in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: can it be used as an inflammatory biomarker?

Abstract

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of calcitonin, considered as an infection marker in many settings. Recently, a few studies reported its rise in some inflammatory processes such as still’s disease, anaphylactic shock and Kawasaki disease. To investigate the serum level of PCT in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and examine the relationship between serum level of PCT and the severity of disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with PV, visited at a tertiary care hospital from August 2021 to May 2023. After recording the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, PCT level as well as CRP and ESR levels were measured and analyzed. The median ESR, CRP and procalcitonin serum level for the patients was 6.40 mm/hr, 11.00 mg/dL and 0.025 ng/ml, respectively. Considering the mean serum PCT level of normal population which is reported as < 0.1 ng/ml, its level among our patients was in a normal range. A significant and positive correlation was observed between procalcitonin and ESR, as well as CRP. In opposite to PCT, CRP and ESR levels showed a significant and positive correlation with disease severity (P values: 0.002 and < 0.001, respectively). Our findings suggest that PCT might not be useful as a biomarker of inflammatory milieu or prognostic factor in patients with PV without any infection.