The Role of the Pancreatic Extracellular Matrix as a Tissue Engineering Support for the Bioartificial Pancreas.

IF 3.4 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI:10.3390/biomimetics9100598
Thamires Santos da Silva, Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior, Bianca de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira, Maria Carolina Miglino Valbão, Matheus Henrique Herminio Garcia, Juliana Barbosa Lopes, Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis, Rodrigo da Silva Nunes Barreto, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Rogerio Leone Buchaim, Maria Angelica Miglino
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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition primarily managed with insulin replacement, leading to significant treatment costs. Complications include vasculopathy, cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and reticulopathy. Pancreatic islet transplantation is an option but its success does not depend solely on adequate vascularization. The main limitations to clinical islet transplantation are the scarcity of human pancreas, the need for immunosuppression, and the inadequacy of the islet isolation process. Despite extensive research, T1DM remains a major global health issue. In 2015, diabetes affected approximately 415 million people, with projected expenditures of USD 1.7 trillion by 2030. Pancreas transplantation faces challenges due to limited organ availability and complex vascularization. T1DM is caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic cells. Advances in biomaterials, particularly the extracellular matrix (ECM), show promise in tissue reconstruction and transplantation, offering structural and regulatory functions critical for cell migration, differentiation, and adhesion. Tissue engineering aims to create bioartificial pancreases integrating insulin-producing cells and suitable frameworks. This involves decellularization and recellularization techniques to develop biological scaffolds. The challenges include replicating the pancreas's intricate architecture and maintaining cell viability and functionality. Emerging technologies, such as 3D printing and advanced biomaterials, have shown potential in constructing bioartificial organs. ECM components, including collagens and glycoproteins, play essential roles in cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Clinical applications focus on developing functional scaffolds for transplantation, with ongoing research addressing immunological responses and long-term efficacy. Pancreatic bioengineering represents a promising avenue for T1DM treatment, requiring further research to ensure successful implementation.

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胰腺细胞外基质作为生物人工胰腺组织工程支持的作用
1 型糖尿病(T1DM)是一种慢性病,主要靠胰岛素替代治疗,治疗费用高昂。并发症包括血管病变、心血管疾病、肾病、神经病变和网状细胞病变。胰腺胰岛移植是一种选择,但其成功与否并不完全取决于是否有足够的血管。临床胰岛移植的主要局限性在于人类胰腺的稀缺性、免疫抑制的必要性以及胰岛分离过程的不足。尽管开展了广泛的研究,但 T1DM 仍是一个重大的全球健康问题。2015 年,约有 4.15 亿人受到糖尿病的影响,预计到 2030 年将产生 1.7 万亿美元的支出。由于器官供应有限且血管复杂,胰腺移植面临挑战。T1DM 是由产生胰岛素的胰腺细胞受到自身免疫破坏引起的。生物材料,尤其是细胞外基质(ECM)的进步为组织重建和移植带来了希望,它提供了对细胞迁移、分化和粘附至关重要的结构和调节功能。组织工程学的目标是创建生物人工胰腺,将产生胰岛素的细胞和合适的框架整合在一起。这涉及脱细胞和再细胞化技术,以开发生物支架。所面临的挑战包括复制胰腺的复杂结构以及保持细胞活力和功能。三维打印和先进生物材料等新兴技术已显示出构建生物人工器官的潜力。包括胶原蛋白和糖蛋白在内的 ECM 成分在细胞粘附、迁移和分化过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。临床应用的重点是开发用于移植的功能性支架,目前正在进行的研究涉及免疫反应和长期疗效。胰腺生物工程是治疗 T1DM 的一条前景广阔的途径,需要进一步研究以确保成功实施。
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来源期刊
Biomimetics
Biomimetics Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
11.10%
发文量
189
审稿时长
11 weeks
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