Prognostic value of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract

Introduction

The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), which combines inflammation and nutrition data, was recently proposed as a prognostic biomarker. We assessed the impact of ALI on overall survival (OS) among patients undergoing surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods

Patients who underwent surgery for ICC were identified from an international cohort. ALI was calculated as body-mass index (BMI)∗albumin/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; patients were categorized into “low-” and “high-ALI” using log-rank statistics. The impact of ALI on OS was compared against other inflammatory markers (i.e., neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], systemic immune inflammation index [SII = platelets∗NLR]) using Harrell's Concordance index (C-index) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). To minimize intergroup differences, propensity score matching was employed.

Results

Among 1045 patients, more than one-half of individuals underwent major hepatectomy (n = 582, 55.7 %), median tumor size was 5.5 cm (IQR, 3.8–7.8), and median ALI was 38.9 (IQR 26.5–57.2). On multivariate analysis, low ALI was an independent risk factor for worse OS (HR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.01–1.46; p = 0.04). Patients with low ALI had worse 5-year OS (36.9 % vs. 49.9 %; p < 0.001), which remained significant after PSM (36.9 % vs. 41.3 %; p = 0.039). ALI had a comparable discriminatory ability compared with NLR, PLR, and SII (C-index: 0.646 vs. 0.644 vs. 0.640 vs. 0.641, respectively), yet had a lower AIC (5475.31 vs. 5546.80 vs. 5550.45 vs. 5548.62, respectively) suggesting slightly better model fit and accuracy.

Conclusions

ALI was an independent predictor of OS among patients undergoing surgery for ICC. Nutritional and inflammatory markers should be incorporated into predictive models to improve prognostic stratification.