Macrophage variants in laboratory research: most are well done, but some are RAW.

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-10-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1457323
Marc Herb, Valentin Schatz, Karina Hadrian, Deniz Hos, Bohdan Holoborodko, Jonathan Jantsch, Natascha Brigo
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Abstract

Macrophages play a pivotal role in the innate immune response. While their most characteristic function is phagocytosis, it is important not to solely characterize macrophages by this activity. Their crucial roles in body development, homeostasis, repair, and immune responses against pathogens necessitate a broader understanding. Macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, allowing them to modify their functional characteristics in response to the tissue microenvironment (tissue type, presence of pathogens or inflammation, and specific signals from neighboring cells) swiftly. While there is no single defined "macrophage" entity, there is a diverse array of macrophage types because macrophage ontogeny involves the differentiation of progenitor cells into tissue-resident macrophages, as well as the recruitment and differentiation of circulating monocytes in response to tissue-specific cues. In addition, macrophages continuously sense and respond to environmental cues and tissue conditions, adjusting their functional and metabolic states accordingly. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to comprehend the heterogeneous origins and functions of macrophages employed in in vitro studies, as each available in vitro macrophage model is associated with specific sets of strengths and limitations. This review centers its attention on a comprehensive comparison between immortalized mouse macrophage cell lines and primary mouse macrophages. It provides a detailed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses inherent in these in vitro models. Finally, it explores the subtle distinctions between diverse macrophage cell lines, offering insights into numerous factors beyond the model type that can profoundly influence macrophage function.

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实验室研究中的巨噬细胞变体:大多数都做得很好,但有些是 RAW。
巨噬细胞在先天性免疫反应中发挥着关键作用。虽然巨噬细胞最有特色的功能是吞噬,但重要的是不能仅凭这一活动来描述巨噬细胞。有必要对巨噬细胞在机体发育、稳态、修复和针对病原体的免疫反应中的关键作用有更广泛的了解。巨噬细胞具有显著的可塑性,能根据组织微环境(组织类型、病原体或炎症的存在以及邻近细胞发出的特定信号)迅速改变自身的功能特性。虽然没有单一定义的 "巨噬细胞 "实体,但巨噬细胞的类型却多种多样,因为巨噬细胞的本体发生过程包括祖细胞分化为组织驻留的巨噬细胞,以及循环单核细胞根据组织特异性线索的招募和分化。此外,巨噬细胞不断感知环境线索和组织条件并做出反应,相应地调整其功能和代谢状态。因此,理解体外研究中使用的巨噬细胞的不同来源和功能至关重要,因为每种可用的体外巨噬细胞模型都有特定的优势和局限性。本综述的重点是全面比较永生化小鼠巨噬细胞系和原代小鼠巨噬细胞。它详细分析了这些体外模型固有的优缺点。最后,它还探讨了不同巨噬细胞系之间的细微差别,让人们深入了解模型类型之外的众多因素对巨噬细胞功能的深远影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
7.00%
发文量
1817
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology is a leading specialty journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across all pathogenic microorganisms and their interaction with their hosts. Chief Editor Yousef Abu Kwaik, University of Louisville is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology includes research on bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, endosymbionts, prions and all microbial pathogens as well as the microbiota and its effect on health and disease in various hosts. The research approaches include molecular microbiology, cellular microbiology, gene regulation, proteomics, signal transduction, pathogenic evolution, genomics, structural biology, and virulence factors as well as model hosts. Areas of research to counteract infectious agents by the host include the host innate and adaptive immune responses as well as metabolic restrictions to various pathogenic microorganisms, vaccine design and development against various pathogenic microorganisms, and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and its countermeasures.
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