Distinctive characteristics, risk factors, and prevention of premature myocardial infarction: A narrative review.

IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-11 DOI:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1874_23
Stylianos Rallidis, Aleksandar Jovanovic, Loukianos Rallidis
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Abstract

The proportion of young individuals that present with acute myocardial infarction is a major problem that keeps increasing. The specific characteristics of premature coronary artery disease and its differences between young and older individuals need to be elucidated. Although risk factors are similar in different age categories, there is a great difference in their prevalence. The vast majority of young patients are males and there is a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking, family history of premature coronary artery disease, lipid disorders, and illicit drug use, while the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus is lower. Young individuals with acute coronary syndrome usually present either with ST-segment elevation or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. It is not unusual for young patients to present with atypical symptoms to the office of primary care physicians, leading occasionally to incorrect or delayed diagnosis. Therefore, prompt and correct diagnosis is necessary to implement the specific management as quickly as possible. A literature research of studies was conducted for the last 10 years, regarding the risk factors and prevention of premature myocardial infarction. As databases, we used PubMed and peer reviewed journals. The aim of this review is to raise awareness among family medicine and primary care physicians, regarding the clinical presentation of young patients with acute myocardial infarction, to provide optimal medical attention.

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过早心肌梗死的显著特征、风险因素和预防:叙述性综述。
急性心肌梗死患者中年轻人所占比例不断增加,这是一个重大问题。早发冠状动脉疾病的具体特征及其在年轻人和老年人之间的差异需要加以阐明。虽然不同年龄段的风险因素相似,但发病率却有很大差异。绝大多数年轻患者为男性,吸烟、早发冠状动脉疾病家族史、血脂紊乱和使用违禁药物的发病率较高,而高血压和糖尿病的发病率较低。年轻的急性冠状动脉综合征患者通常表现为 ST 段抬高或非 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死。年轻患者以不典型的症状出现在初级保健医生的诊室并不罕见,偶尔会导致诊断错误或延误。因此,为了尽快实施具体的治疗,及时和正确的诊断是非常必要的。我们对过去 10 年有关早发心肌梗死的风险因素和预防的研究进行了文献研究。我们使用了 PubMed 和同行评审期刊作为数据库。本综述旨在提高家庭医生和初级保健医生对急性心肌梗死年轻患者临床表现的认识,以提供最佳的医疗护理。
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自引率
7.10%
发文量
884
审稿时长
40 weeks
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