Perspectives on managing patients with Down's syndrome among orthodontists in Saudi Arabia: A vignette and a COM-B analysis study.

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to explore perspectives on managing patients with Down's syndrome among orthodontists in Saudi Arabia using a vignette study and COM-B model.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study for orthodontists working in Saudi Arabia. Participants were asked about their demographic data. Vignette (clinical scenarios) and COM-B model (C: capability, O: opportunity, M: motivation, and B: behavior) were used to assess orthodontists' perspectives regarding the management of patients with Down's syndrome. A model of Alpha (Cronbach) was used to study the properties of measurement scales. A Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to correlate variables represented by means. An independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, with least significant difference (LSD) as a post hoc test, were used to compare two group means and more than two groups, respectively.

Results: Most participants (n = 70, 85.4%) reported that they had no training/exposure to dealing with Down's syndrome patients during their orthodontic clinical training. Participants reported an average of 3.82 (SD = 1.1) when treating moderate Down's syndrome and 2.48 (SD = 1.4) when treating severe Down's syndrome with mild occlusion discrepancies. Participants also showed that their behavior and attitude are significantly related to their capability, opportunity, and motivation regarding the management of patients with Down's syndrome. The average reported agreement ranges from 2.46 (SD = 1) for the hypoplasia of the mandible to 4.38 (SD = 0.8) for the congenitally missing teeth.

Conclusion: This study found that orthodontists in Saudi Arabia showed low confidence levels to manage Down's syndrome patients with moderate and severe challenging behavior. Despite this, the likelihood of increasing their confidence levels and attitude regarding the management of patients with Down's syndrome increased by increasing their capability, opportunity, motivation, and knowledge in this field.