Lateral femoral impaction fractures during an ACL tear extend posteriorly on the weight-bearing area of the tibiofemoral joint.

Abstract

Purpose: Posterior elongation of the physiological terminal sulcus (TS) due to lateral femoral condyle impaction fracture (LFC-IF) after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear could potentially decrease the weight-bearing area of the tibiofemoral joint, decrease the tension on lateral meniscus and cause flattening of the LFC which would influence rotational knee motion and cause anisometry of the lateral and anterolateral stabilizers. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess if the LFC-IF elongates the physiological TS posteriorly.

Methods: One hundred patients magnetic resonance images (MRIs) (75 males, 25 females, mean age 32.2 years, SD = 8.2) were included with a 1:1 ratio between the full-thickness ACL tear group and the control group (patients with knee MRI performed due to other reasons, with no tear of ACL on MRI and negative clinical tests). Two independent raters evaluated the sagittal T1-weighted preselected MRI scans. The principal measurement of interest was the distance from the intersection of the Blumensaat line with subchondral bone to the posterior border of the TS/LFC-IF.

Results: The median distance from the Blumensaat line to the posterior border of the TS/LFC-IF was significantly higher in the ACL tear group: 14.3 mm, interquartile range (IQR) = 11.6-16.4 mm versus control group: 12.8 mm, IQR = 9.0-15.0 mm, p = 0.038. Intrarater and inter-rater reliabilities were >0.90.

Conclusion: LFC-IF after full-thickness ACL tear significantly elongates the physiological TS in the posterior direction.

Level of evidence: Level III.