Unraveling the Omega-3 Puzzle: Navigating Challenges and Innovations for Bone Health and Healthy Aging.

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Marine Drugs Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI:10.3390/md22100446

Zayana Ali, Mohammad Ahmed Al-Ghouti, Haissam Abou-Saleh, Md Mizanur Rahman

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Abstract

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), are essential polyunsaturated fats primarily obtained from fatty fish and plant-based sources. Compelling evidence from preclinical and epidemiological studies consistently suggests beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs on bone health and healthy aging processes. However, clinical trials have yielded mixed results, with some failing to replicate these benefits seen in preclinical models. This contraindication is mainly due to challenges such as low bioavailability, potential adverse effects with higher doses, and susceptibility to oxidation of ω-3 fatty acids, hindering their clinical effectiveness. This review comprehensively discusses recent findings from a clinical perspective, along with preclinical and epidemiological studies, emphasizing the role of ω-3 PUFAs in promoting bone health and supporting healthy aging. Additionally, it explores strategies to improve ω-3 PUFA efficacy, including nanoparticle encapsulation and incorporation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) derived from DHA and EPA, to mitigate oxidation and enhance solubility, thereby improving therapeutic potential. By consolidating evidence from various studies, this review underscores current insights and future directions in leveraging ω-3 PUFAs for therapeutic applications.

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揭开 Omega-3 之谜：迎接挑战，创新发展，促进骨骼健康和健康老龄化。

欧米伽-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3 PUFAs，n-3 PUFAs），包括二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和α-亚麻酸（ALA），是人体必需的多不饱和脂肪，主要来源于肥鱼和植物。临床前研究和流行病学研究中令人信服的证据一致表明，ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸对骨骼健康和健康老化过程有益。然而，临床试验的结果喜忧参半，有些试验未能复制临床前模型中的这些益处。这种禁忌主要是由于ω-3 脂肪酸的生物利用率低、剂量较大时可能产生不良反应以及易氧化等挑战，从而阻碍了其临床效果。本综述从临床角度全面论述了最新发现以及临床前和流行病学研究，强调了 ω-3 PUFAs 在促进骨骼健康和支持健康老龄化方面的作用。此外，它还探讨了提高 ω-3 PUFA 疗效的策略，包括纳米颗粒封装和加入从 DHA 和 EPA 中提取的专门的促溶解介质 (SPM)，以减轻氧化作用和提高溶解度，从而提高治疗潜力。本综述综合了各种研究的证据，强调了利用ω-3 PUFAs 进行治疗的当前见解和未来方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Marine Drugs 医学-医药化学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

14.80%

发文量

671

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397) publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes on the research, development and production of drugs from the sea. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible, particularly synthetic procedures and characterization information for bioactive compounds. There is no restriction on the length of the experimental section.